.IS* X ?&., .i^.f^>' ?*' ^^^ ■ - # .^" .« .-A-. >«ib k ^. f. ,v' rW BRITISH POMOLOGY; OK, THE HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, CLASSIFICATION, AND SYNONYMES, OF THE FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES OP GREAT BRITAIN; ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENQRAVINQS, ■BY ROBERT fl:OGG. ' Fruit of all kinds, in coat »• Rough or smooth rind, or bearded husk or shell."— Milton. THE APPLE. ' Arboris est suavisJB'i'uoUis, sunt dulcia Poma, Diilcior est inquara Ne^tare, et Ambrosia." LONDON: GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW; EDINBURGH: JAMES HOGG; GLASGOW: DAVID BRYCE. MDCCCLI. OBERRt NEW yOI=5lB QH4-5 .H3nt PRINTED BY WILLIAM FORD, RussELJ. Court, Brydges Street, Covent Gardek, LONDON. TO MR. ROBERT THOMPSON, FOR THE IMPORTANT SERVICES HE HAS RENDERED TO THE STUDY OF POMOLOGY AND FOR HIS UNWEARIED LABORS IN DETERMINING AND ARRANGING POMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. THIS WORK IS DEDICATED BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, _ THE AUTHOE. PREFACE. It is much to be regretted, that of late years, so little attention has been given in this country, to the study of pomology, and that so few efforts have been made to encourge a taste for this most important, most instructive, and intellectual branch of horticultural science. Towards the end of the last, and beginning of the present century, when the late Mr. Knight was in the full vigor of his scientific pursuits, this was the subject which engaged so much of his power- ful intellect, and from which he succeeded in producing such great and beneficial results. With Mr. Knight as president, and Mr. Sabine as secretary, the Horticultural Society of London did much for the advancement of this subject, and in extending a knowledge not only of the fruits of this country, but of the most valuable varieties of the continent of Europe, and America. Through the exertions of these gentlemen, and in conjunction with the illustrious pomo- logists, Dr. Diel and Professor Van Mons, and other eminent conti- nental correspondents, was obtained that vast collection of fruits which once existed in the Society's garden ; and by means of which that great undertaking of determining and arranging the nomencla- Vl PREFACE. ture was accomplished. During this period the Society's Transac- tions teemed with rich, and interesting pomological papers, and several works of a high character were ushered into existence. Of these the most important were the Pomonas of Brookshaw and Hooker, the Pomological Magazine, and Eonalds's Pyrus Mains Brentfordiensis ; but these are all of such a class, as from their great cost to he regarded more as works of art, than of general utililty. The only one which was at all calculated to be of general benefit was, Lindley's " Guide to the Orchard ; " a work which furnished descriptions of, and embraced a greater number of varieties than had hitherto been attempted. This then may be regarded as the most complete work for general reference, with which pomologists in this counti7 had ever been famished. Upwards of twenty years have now elapsed since the " Guide to the Orchard" issued from the press, and during that period. Knight, Sabine, and many great patrons of pomology have entered into their rest, leaving none behind them to prosecute, with the same vigour, that study which they so much loved and adorned. But although there has been no corporate efibrt to promote and stimulate this study, private entei-prize has not altogether been awanting to keep pace with the rapid progression of the Continent and America; but for this, we might yet have been in total ignorance of many of the most desirable fruits of modern times, and particularly of those valuable varieties, the result of the later labors of Van Mons, Esperen, and others ; together with several of considerable merits furnished by the fertile pomology of the New World. Since the publication of Lindley's " Guide," therefore, there has not only been such additions to our varieties of fruits, but such a complete reformation and arrangement of pomological nomenclature as to have rendered that book, as a work of reference of considerably less value ; and it was on account of the necessity for a new work, adapted to the wants of the present day, and embracing the most recent information on the subject, that I entered upon the present undertaking. The facilities I have possessed for carrying it out, are perhaps greater than fall to the lot of most men. My earliest PEEFACE. Vll associations were with fruits and fruit trees ; the greater part of my active life has been engaged in their cultivation and devoted to their study ; and for nearly ten years, I had the advantage of making an annual tour throughout the length and breadth of England and Scotland, during which, I allowed no opportunity to escape of making myself acquainted with the fruits of the various districts, and securing correspondents to whom I could apply, in cases of necessity. With these advantages, I some years ago established an orchard, for the purpose of examining the distinctive characters and deter- mining the nomenclature of fruits ; and there I have succeeded, in securing all the varieties it is possible to procure, either in this country or abroad, and thereby to obtain from personal observation all the information attainable on the subject. In the execution of this work, my object has been, not to give a mere selection of the best varieties of fruits cultivated in this country, but to describe minutely, and at length, all the varieties with their essential characters, distinguishing those which are, and those which are not worthy of cultivation. I have endeavoured to embrace all the fruits which are recorded as existing in Great Britain, and although it cannot be supposed I have been able to ob- tain the whole of them, still, I have secured such a number as will leave but a very small portion un-noticed The plan which I have adopted in the general arrangement will be found to em- brace all matters both descriptive, historical, and critical, touching the several varieties. The nomenclature I have followed is, except in some instances for reasons given, that of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue, a valuable work prepared by that patient and indefatigable pomologist, Mr, Robert Thompson. The advantage of this identity of nomenclature is evident, as it sets at rest that mass of confusion, which so long existed as to the correct names of fruits. In describing each variety, the approved name, that is the name wliich shall serve as a standard by which that variety shall in future be distinguished, is printed in Roman Capitals ; and either abbreviated, or in full length, is annexed the name of the author who first records or describes it. When the variety is of such antiquity as not to be identified with any particular author, tlie "Vm PllEFACE. name of the one who first distinctly describes it is given. Following the standard name, is the identification or list of works in which the variety is identified as being described ; the synonymes or names by which it is mentioned in all works on pomology, or known in various districts ; and then a list of works in which it is most correctly and faithfully figured. Then follow the description, history, and critical observations, when such are necessary. I have furnished diagrams, of the newest, rarest, and most esteemed varieties ; and this mode of illustration conveys a better idea of the general character of the fruit, than a fore-shortened drawing, and answers the same purpose as a highly finished engraving, without swelling the price of the work to such an extent, as to render it un- available for ordinary use. At the end, I have given lists of the most excellent varieties adapted for various districts of the country, as also such as are suited for being grown as Standards, Dwarfs, and for Cyder. The whole work is terminated by a copious index, which includes all the synonymes, and which of itself, will afford much valuable assistance, in all matters relating to pomological nomenclature. It now remains for me to acknowledge the favors I have received from many kind friends, who have, by furnishing materials and in- formation, rendered me much valuable assistance. To Mr. Robert Thompson, already mentioned, I am particularly indebted for the liberal way in which he has always supplied me with any informa- tion I requiredti To the late Mr. John Ronalds, of Brentford, for the free use of his valuable collection; as also to his excellent and much respected foreman, Mr. William Waring. To Mr. James Lake, nurseryman, of Bridgewater, for specimens of, and communications respecting the fruits of the Somerset, Devon, and West of England orchards. To Mr. William Fairbread, of Green-street, near Sitting- bourne, for those of the great orchard districts of Kent. To Mr. Mannington, of Uckfield, and Mr. Henry Barton, of Heathfield, Sussex, for the fruits of these neighbourhoods. To Mr. J. 0. Wheeler, of Gloucester, and the late Mr. Higuell, orchardist, of Tewkesbury. To George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough ^Terrace, Kensington, for some of the valuable fruits of Norfolk ; and, to the PREFACE. IX Rev. Henry Manton, of Sleaford. To Mr. Roger Hargreave, of Lancaster, for a complete collection from the Lancashire orchards. To Archibald Turnbull, Esq., of Belwood, near Perth, whose choice and extensive collection, was freely placed at my disposal. To Mr. A. Gorrie, of Annat, and Robert Mathew, Esq., of Gourdie- hill, in the Carse of Gowrie, for much valuable information, and specimens of the fruits of that great orchard district of the North. To Mr. Evans, superintendent of the Caledonian Horticultural Society's Garden, Edinburgh, for much valuable assistance derived from a free inspection of the collection of the Society. To my brother, Mr. Thomas Hogg, of Coldstream, for the fruits of the Tweedside orchards, and to numerous nurserymen and private individuals, who have aided me in the prosecution of this work, I now tender my warmest and heartfelt thanks. R. H. 13, Gihton Road, Brompton, Dec, 1851. AEBKEVIATIONS, AND LIST OF BOOKS EEFEEEED TO IN THE FOLLOWING WOEK. AJ. T)- f I The Universal Gcardener and Botanist ; or a General Dictionary AOer. utct. I of Gardening and Botany, by John Abercrombie, 1 vol. AOer. Lrard. Uict.) ^^^_^ London, 1778. Ace, or ace. — When this abbreviation is prefixed to a citation, it signifies according to, or on the authority of, as ace Hort Soc. Cat, according to, or on the authority of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue. Aldro. Dend. — Ulyssis Aldrovandi, Dendrologise naturalis scilicet Arborum Historise libri duo. Sylva Glandaria, Acinosumque Pomarium. 1 vol. fol. Bononice, 1668. Aug. Obs. — Observations sur L' Agriculture, et Le Jardinage, pour servir d'instruc- tion a ceux qui desireront s'y rendre habiles, par Angran de Rueneuve. 2 vols. 12mo., Paris, 1712. . f /~i,,i ■( A Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner of Grafting, Planting, a"^/ T^'t \ Priming, and Ordering of them, in all respects, according to us . rea . j ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ rules of Experience, &c. &c., by Ralph Austen. 1 vol. 4to., Oxford, 1657. Bauk Hist. — Historia Plantarum universalis, Johanno Bauhino. 3 vols. fol. Ebroduni. i and ii. 1650, iii. 1651. Baum. Cat. — Catalogue general des Vegetaux de pleine terre, disponsibles dans I'etablishment horticole d' Aug. Nap. Baumann a Bolwyller, 1850 — 51. Bon. Jard. — Le Bon Jardinier almanach pour I'annee, 1843. Paris. Booth Cat. — A Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by G. Booth, Hamburg. Brad. Fam. Diet. — Dictionaire Oeconomique ; or Family Dictionary, &c. &c., by Richard Bradley. 2 vols. fol. London, 1725. Brad. Treat. — A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, by Richard Bradley. 3 vols. Bvo., London, 1721—1722. Bret, Ecole. — L'Ecole du Jardin Fruitier, par M. de la Bretonnerie. 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1784. Brook. Pom. Brit. — Pomona Britannica; or a collection of the most established fruits at present cultivated in Great Britain, &c., by George Brookshaw. 1 vol. fol. Loudon, 1812. Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem, — Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 8vo. Edinburgh, vol. 1. V819, et seq. xii LIST OF BOOKS. Cal. Traite. —Traite complet sur les Pepiniers &c., par Etienne Calvel. ed. 2, 3 vols. 12mo., Paris. N. D. Chart. Ca<.— Catalogue des Arbres a Fruits les plus excellent, les plus rares, et les plus estime's, qui se cultivent dans les pepiniers des Reverendes Peres Chartreux de Paris. 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1775. Christ Gar^eni.— Allgemein-practisches Gartenbuch fiir Biirger und Laudmann liber den Kiichen-und Obstgarten, von Dr. Job. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo. Heilbronn, 1814. Christ i7a«(ii.— Handbuch uber die Obstbaumzucbt und Obstlehre, &c., von Joh. Ludw. Cbrist. 1 vol. Svo., Frankfurt a M., ed. 1, 1794 ; ed. 2, 1797 ; ed. 3, 1804 ; ed 4, 1817. Christ Handworter.—Fomologisches Theoretisch-practisches Handworterbuch, &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol 4to. Leipzig, 1802. Christ Vollst. Po?n.— Vollstiindige Pomologie &c. &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 2 vols. 8vo., Frankjurt, 1809. Coles Adam in iJc/ew.— Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise. The History of Plants, Fruits, and Flowers, by William Coles. 1 vol. fol., London, 1657. Cord. Hist. — Valerii Cordi Historiae Stirpium Libri iv. I vol. fol., Argentorali, 1561. Cours Camp. d.Agric. — Nouveau Cours complet d' Agriculture, par M. M. Thouin, Parmentier, Bosc, Chaptal, &c, &c., 16 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1823. ^ j^. \ A View of the cultivation of Fruit Trees in the United States, and of Coxe View. I ^^^ management of Orchards and Cyder, by WilUam Coxe, Coxe Cult. J J ^^j_ g^^^ Philadelphia, 1817. Curtius Hort. — ^Hortorum Libri xxx, auctore Benedicto Curtio. 1 vol. fol., Lugduni 1560. Dahuron Traite. — Traite de la taille des Arbres Fruitiers, et de la maniere de les bien elever, par Rene Dahuron. 1 vol. 12mo., Cell, 1699. Dec. Prod. — Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetablis. Aug. Pyr. Decandolle, 8vo., Paris, vol. 1, 1824, et seq. Diel Kernobst. — Versuch einer systematischen Beschreibung in Deutschland vorhan- dener Kernobstsorten, von Dr. Aug. Fried. Adr. Diel. 21 Hfte 8vo., Frank- furt a M., 1799—1819. 6 Bdchn, Stuttgart, 1821.— 1832. Ditt. Handb. — Systematisches Handbuch der Obstkimde, von J. G. Dittrich. 3 vols. Svo., Jena, 1839 — 1841. Dock. Centralobst. — Die Allgemeine Centralobstbaumschule, irhe Zwecke und Einrichtung von F. J. Dochnahl. 1 vol. 8vo., Jena, 1848. Dovm. Fr. Amer. — The Fruit and Fruit Trees of America ; or the culture and management in the garden and orchard of Fruit Trees generally, by A. J. Downing. 1 vol. 8vo., JVew York, 1845. Duh. Arb. Fruit. — Traite des Arbres Fruitiers ; contenant leur figure, leur descrip- tion, leur culture &c., par Henri Louis Duhamel du Mouceau. 2 vols. 4to Paris, 1768. Ellis Mod. Husb. — The Modern Husbandman, or tlie Practice of Farming, by William EUis. 8 vols. 8vo., London, 1744—1747. Evelyn Fr. Gard. — The French Gardiner ; instructing how to cultivate all sorts of Fruit Trees and Plerbs for the garden, &c., by John Evelyn, Esq. Ed. 3, I vol. 12mo., London, 1672. Evelyn Pom. — Pomona : or an appendix concerning Fruit Trees, in relation to Cyder ; tiie making, and several ways of ordering it, by John Evelyn. Published with the Sylva. 1 vol. fol., London, 1829. Filass. Tab. — Tableau gcne'rale des principeaux objects qui composeut la Pepiniere, dirigce par M. Filassier. 1 vol. Paris, 1785. Fors. Treat. — A Treatise on the culture and management of Fruit Trees, by William Forsyth. Ed. 7, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1824. LIST OF BOOKS. Xlll Galksio Pom. Ital. — Pomona Italiana ossia trattato degli Alberi Fruttiferi di Georgeo Gallesio. fol. Pisa, 1817. e^ seq. Gard. Chron. — The Gardener's Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, edited by- Professor Lindley. fol. London, 1841, et seq. Ger. Her!).— The Herbal, or General History of Plants, by John Gerard. 1 vol. fol., London, 1597. Gibs. Fr. Gard. — The Fruit Gardener, containing the manner of raising stocks, for multiplying of Fruit Trees by budding, grafting, &c. &c. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1768. ^*^^ The authorship of this work is ascribed to John Gibson, Esq., M.D., at one time a surgeon in the Royal Navy. Googe Hmb. — The whole Art and Trade of Husbandry contained in foure books, by Barnaby Googe, Esq. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1614. H. — When this initial of the author's name is placed after the standard name of any variety, it signifies, that that variety has not been recorded or described in any previous work. Henne Anweis. — Anweisung wie man eine Baumschule von Obstbaumen in grossen anlegen und gehorig unterhalten soUe, von Sam. Dav. Lud. Henne. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 8vo., Halle, 1776. Hitt Treat. — A Treatise of Fruit Trees, by Thomas Hitt, ed. 3, 1 vol 8vo. London, 1768. Hook. Pom. Land. — Pomona Londonensis, &c., by William Hooker. 1 vol. 4to,, London, 1813. Hort. Soc. Cat. — ■<. A Catalogue of the Fruits cultivated in the garden of the „ „ ^ I Horticultural Society of London. 1 vol. Svo., London. ^- *• *"• j Ed. 1, 1826. Ed. 2, 1842. Ed. 3, 1843. ^*^ The second and third Editions of this work, were prepared by Mr. Robert Thompson, the superintendent of the Fniit department in the Society's Garden. Hort. TVans.— Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 4to., London, vol. 1, 1813, e< seq. Hush. Fr. Orch. — The Husbandman's FruitfuU Orchard, &c. &c. 1 vol. 4to, London, 1597. 3id. — When this abbreviation is made use of among the synonymes, it refers to the same work as is quoted immediately preceding it. Inst. Arb. Fruict. — Listructions pour les Arbres Fructiers, par M. R. T. P. D. S. M. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 12mo., Roven, 1659. Jard. Fran^. — Le Jardinier FranQois, qui enseigne a cultiver les Arbres, Herbes, Potageres, &c. &c. Ed. 4, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1653. Jard. Fruit. — See Nois. Jard. Fruit. Ken. Amer. Or. — The New American Orchardist, by William Kenrick. 1 vol. 8vo., Boston, 1833. Knoop Pom. — Pomologie ; ou description des meilleurs sortes des Pommes et des Poires, &c. &c. 1 vol. fol. Amsterdam, 1771. Lang. Pom. — Pomona ; or the Fruit Garden illustrated, by Batty Langley. 1 vol. fol., London, 1729. Laws. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees, et caetera. Peter Lawson and Son, Edinburgh, 1851. Tf. j)T f\ ■) A New Orchard and Garden ; or the best way for planting, jMws. -jyew. ur. I grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orcliard, L.aws. urcti. j ^^^ y^^ William Lawson. I vol. 4to., Land on 597. Leslie §• Anders. Cat. — Catalogue of Hardy Shrubs, Greenhouse and Hothouse Plants, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c., &c., sold by Leslie, Anderson, and Co., Edinburgh, 1780. xiv LIST OF BOOKS. Lind. Guide.— A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden ; or an account of the most valuable Fruit and Vegetables cultivated in Great Britain, by George Lindley. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1831. Lind. Plan. Or.— A Plan of an Orchard, by George Lindley, 1796. M. C. H. 5.— See Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem. Mclnl. Orc/j.— The Orchard, including the management of Wall and Standard Fruit Trees, by Charles Mcintosh. 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1839. Maund Fruit.— The Fruitist, by Benjamin Maund, 4to., Z,o?t(/on , published along with Maund's British Flower Garden. Maijer Pom. Franc. — Pomona Franconica ; oder natiirliche Abbildung und Beschrei- bung der besten und vorziiglichsten Europaischen Gattungen dor Obstbaumen und Fruchte, von J. Mayer. 3 vols. 4to., Niirenberg, 1776 — 1801. Meager Eng. Gard. — The English Gardener; or a sui-e Guide to young planters and gardeners, in three parts, by Leonard IMeager. I vol. 4to., London, 1670. Merlet Abrege. — Abre'ge des bons fi-uits, avec la maniere de les connoitre et de cultiver les arbres, par Jean Merlet. ed. 2, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1675. Meyen Biiumsch. — Physicalisch-oeconomische Biiumschule, &c., von J. J. Meyer. Stettin, 1795. Mid. jF/or.— The Midland Florist, by William Wood. 12mo., Nottingham, V. Y. Mill. Diet. — The Gardener's Dictionary, by Philip Miller, ed. 8, 1 vol. fol. London, 1768. Miller §• Sweet Cat. — A Catalogue of Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. Sold by Miller and Sweet, nurserymen, Bristol, 1790. Nicol Gard. Kal. — The Gardener's Kalendar ; or Monthly Directory of operations in every branch of Horticulture, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. Svo., Edinburgh, 1810. Nicol Villa Gard. — The "Villa Garden Directory ; or Monthly Index of work to be done in the town and villa gardens, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo., Edinburgh, 1809. Nois. Jard. Fruit. — Le Jardin Fruitier, par Louis Noisette, ed. 1,3 vols. 4to., Paris, 1821. ed. 2, 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1839. Nourse Camp. Fel. — Campania Felix ; or a Discourse of the benefits, and improve- ments of Husbandry, by Tim. Nourse. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1700. Park. Par. — Paradisi in sole Paradisius Terrestris, &c., by John Parkinson. 1 . vol. fol. London, 1629. Philips Cyder. — Cyder, a Poem in two books, by John Philips. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1708. Plin. Hist. Nat. — C. Plinii Secundi, Historiae Mundi Libri xxxvii, annotat. Jacobi Dalechampi. 1 vol. fol., Frankfurt ad Moenum, 1599. Poit. et. Turp.—TvzMe des Arbres Fruitiers de Duhamel, nouvelle edition augmentee, par Poiteau et Turpin. 5 vols. fol. Paris, 1808, et seq. Poit. Pom. Frang — Pomologie Fran9aise ; Receuil des plus beaux fruits cultives en France, par Poiteau., 4to., Paris, 1838, et seq Pom. Here/. — Pomona Hercfordienses ; or a descriptive account of the old Cyder and Perry fruits of Herefordshire, by Thomas Andrew linight. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1809. Pom. Land. — See Hook. Pom. Lond. Pom. Mag. — The Pomological Magazine ; or Figures and Descriptions of the most important varieties of Fruits cultivated in Great Britain. 3 vols. Svo. London, 1827—1830. Porta Villa; — Villaa Jo. Baptistae Portse, Neopolitani Libri xii. 1 vol. 4to, Frankfurti, 1592. LIST OF BOOKS. XV Quint. Inst. — Instructions pour les Arbres Fruitiers et Potageres, par M. de la Quintinye. 2 vols. 4to., Paris, 1695. Quint. Traite. — See Quint. Inst. Raii. Hist. — Historia Plantarum, Joannis Rail. 3 vols, fol., Londini, 1686, 1693, and 1704. Rea Pom. — Flora, Ceres, et Pomona, by John Eea. 1 vol. fol. London, 1665. Riv. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Thomas Rivers, nurseryman, Sawbridgeworth, Herts, V. Y. Riv. et Moid. Meth. — Methode pour bien cultiver les Arbres Fruits et pour elever des Treilles. par De La Riviere & Du Moulin. 1 vol. 12mo., Utrecht, 1738. Rog. Fr. Cult. — The Fruit Cultivator, being a practical and aocurate description of all the most esteemed species and varieties of Fruit, cultivated in the Gardens and Orchards of Britain, by John Rogers. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1837. Ro7i. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Hugh Ronalds and Sons, Brentford, Middlesex. Ron. Pyr Mai. — Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis ; or a concise description of selected apples, with a figure of each sort, by Hugh Ronalds, 1 vol. 4to., London, 1831. Salisb. Orch. — Hints addressed to proprietors of Orchards and to growers of fruit in general, &c. &c., by William Salisbury. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1816. Saltz. Pom. — Pomologie oder Fruchtlehre enthaltend eine Anweisung alles in freier Luft unseres klimas Wachsende Obst, &c., zu erkennen, von F. Z. Saltzmann. 1 vol. 8vo., Berlin, 1793. Schab. Prat — La Pratique du Jardinage, par. L'Abbe Roger Schabol. 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1774. Sichler Obstgdrt. — Der Teutsche Obstgartner, von J. B. Sickler. 22 vols. Svo., Weimar, 1794—1804. Switz. Fr. Gard. — The Practical Fruit Gardener, by Steplien Switzer. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1724. Thomp. — Where this abbreviation is made use of, it refers to the authority of Mr. Robert Thompson, author of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits, and many valuable pomological and other scientific papers. Toll. Traite. — Traite des Ve'getaux aui composent 1' Agriculture de I'empire Fran^aise par Tollard. 1 vol. 8vo., Paris, 1805. Tragus. Hist. — Hieronymi Tragi De Stirpium, &c. interprete Davide Kybro. 1 vol. 4to., Argentorati, 1552. Walter Gartenb. — Allgemeine Deutsches Gartenbuch, von J. J. Walter. 1 vol. Svo, Stuttgart, 1799. West. Bat. — The Universal Botanist and Nurservman, containing descriptions of the species and varieties of all the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, native and exotics, &c., by Richard Weston. 4 vols. 8vo., London, 1770, 1774. Willich Bom. Encyc. — The Domestic Encyclopedia, by A. F. M. Willich. 5 vols. 8vo., London. Worl. Vin. — Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise of Cyder, and such other Wines and Drinks, that are extracted from all manner of fruits growing in this Kingdom, by J. Worlidge. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1676. Zink. Pom, — Dieser Pomologie, von J. C. Zink. 1 vol. fol., NUrnberg, 1766. NEW Yi BOTANK • GARDE BRITISH POMOLOGY. ETC. ETC. ETC. THE APPLE. There is no fruit, in temperate climates, so universally esteemed, and so extensively cultivated, nor is there any which is so closely identified with the social habits of the human species as the apple. Apart from the many domestic purposes to which it is applicable, the facility of its cultivation, and its adaptation to almost every lati- tude, have rendered it, in all ages, an object of special attention and regard. There is no part of our island where one or other of its numerous varieties is not cul- , tivated, and few localities where the finest cannot be brought to perfection. ' The apple is a native of this, as well as almost every other country in Europe. Its normal form is, the Com- ^ mon Wild Crab, the Fyrus Malus of Linnaeus, and the ; numerous varieties with which our gardens and orchards abound, are the result either of the natural tendency of that tree to variation, or by its varieties being hybridized ' with the original species, or with each other. It belongs r- to the natural order llosacece, section Ponieoe, and is, by ^ botanists, included in the same genus as the pear. The •^ principal difference between apples and pears, when con- > sidered botanically, consists in their stamens and styles ; the stamens of the apple have their filaments straight, uni- Q, ted together at the base, and forming a bundle round the g styles, of which they conceal the inferior part. All the ■" filaments of the pear on the contrary are divergent, dis- *■ posed almost like the radii of a wheel, and leave the bases ^ B 2 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. of the styles entirely naked and exposed. The styles in the apple are united at their base into one body, and are generally villous in that part where they adhere to each other : in the pear, however, they are separate at their base. But although the apple and pear very much resemble each other in their botanical characters, they differ very materially in their form, cellular tissue, and specific gravity. Apples have always the base umbellicate, or hollowed with a deep cavity, in which the stalk is inserted, and are generally spherical. The pear, on the other hand, is elongated towards the stalk, and is generally of a pyramidal shape, or nearly so. The cellular tissue of the apple, according to the microscopic^ observations of Turpin, is composed of a great number of agglomerated, distinct vesicles, each existing independent of the other, varying in size in the same fruit, and, in general, larger, as the apple is large and light. These vesicles are colorless and transparent, and vary in their form according to the want of space requisite for their individual development. They contain in greater or less abundance, a sugary, acid, or bitter juice, which is perceivable in the different varieties. The cellular tissue of the apple possesses no stony con- cretions, and its specific gravity is greater than that of the pear ; so much so, that by taking a cube of each, of equal size, and throwing them into a vessel of water, that of the apple will float, while that of the pear will sink. In its natural or wild state the apple tree is of a small size, attaining generally about twenty feet in height, of a crooked habit of growth, with small, harsh, and austere fruit, and small thin leaves. But when improved by cultivation, it loses much of its original form, assumes a more free and luxu- riant growth, with larger, thicker, and more downy leaves, and produces fruit distinguished for its size, color, and richness of flavor. Some authors have ascribed the introduction of the apple into this country to the Romans, and others to the Nor- mans ; in both cases, however, without any evidence or well grounded authority. Mr. Loudon says, " The apple was, in all probability, introduced into Britain by the Romans, as well as the pear; and like that fruit, perhaps, re-introduced by the heads of religious houses on their THE APPLE. establishment, after the introduction of Christianity."* It is more probable that is has existed as an indigenous tree throughout all ages, and that the most ancient varieties were accidental variations of the original species, with which the forests abounded. These being cultivated, and subjected to the art and industry of man, would give rise to other varieties, and thus a gradual amehoration of the fruit would be obtained. The earliest records make mention of the apple in the most familiar terms. That it was known to the ancient Britons, before the arrival of the Eomans is evident from their language. In Celtic, it is called Ahhall, or Ahlial ; in Welch, Avail; in Armoric, Afall and Avail ; in Cornish, Aval and Avel. The word is derived from the pure Celtic, hall, signifying any round body.^ The ancient Glastonbury was called by the Britons Ynys Avallac, and Ynys Avallon, which signify an apple orchard," and from this its Roman name Avallonia was derived. The apple must therefore have been known in Britain before the arrival of the Romans ; and that it continued to exist after they left the island, and before the Norman conquest, is certified by Wilham of Malmesbury, who says, that King Edgar in 9*73, while hunting in a wood was left alone by his associates ; in this situation he was overcome by an irresistable desire to sleep, and ahghting from his horse he lay down under the shade of a ivild apple tree} Shortly after the Norman conquest, the same author writes with reference to Gloucestershire. " Cernas tramites publicos vestitos pomiferis arboribus, non insitiva manus industria, sed ipsius solius humi natura." Some writers^ entertain the popular error that the cultivation of apples was not a branch of rural economy in England before Richard Harris planted orchards in several parts of Kent, in the reign of Henry tlie Eighth ; but there is evidence to the contrary. In a bull of Pope Alexander the Third, in the year 1175, confirming the property belonging to the monastery of Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire, is men- tioned, " The town of Twining with all the lands, orc/ianZs, meadows, &c. / and in a charter of King John, granting property to the priory of Lanthony, near Gloucester, is «f ^fi^^'w-^l** t"^- "' P- ^^h ^ Armstrong's Gaelic Dictionary, c Owen's Dictionary Tol 1 !^^, «- T^^'IT > r}"'^- "• ^.^?;,*^- ' Duncumb's History of Herefordslure, Tol. 1, p. 18/. f Rudder s History of Gloucestershire, App. liii.. No. xxxv B 2 4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. mentioned " the church of Herdesley, with twelve acres of land , and an orchard."^ But its cultivation was not confined to the southern counties, for we find there was an extensive manufacture of cider as far north as Richmond, in York- shire, in the early part of the thirteenth century. It would be too much to say that all the varieties cultivated at an early period, were indigenous to this country ; many no doubt, were introduced at the Norman conquest, and it is probable that in the middle ages some varieties were intro- duced from the continent, by members of the different religious houses which then existed, who not unfrequently had personal intercourse wi^h France, and who devoted considerable attention to horticulture ; but there is every reason to believe that the earliest varieties were native productions. The oldest works which treat on the cul- tivation of fruits, afford little or no information as to these early varieties. In some ancient documents of the twelfth century, we find the Pearmain^ and Costard men- tioned, but the horticultural works of the period are too much occupied with the fallacies and nonsense which distinguish those of the Roman agricultural writers, to convey to us any knowledge of the early pomology of this country. Turner in his Herbal, has no record of any of the varieties, and siniply states, in reference to the apple, " I node not to descry be thys tre, because it is knowen well inoughe in all countres." Barnaby Googe mentions as, " Chiefe in price, the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyall, the Marigold, with a great number of others that were too long to speake of." Leonardo Mascal gives instruction how " to graffe the Quyne Apple;" but that is the only variety he mentions. In a note book in the possession of Sir John Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, which was kept by one of his ancestors, from the year 1580 to 1584, is an entiy of " The names of Apelles, which I had their graffes from Brentmarch, froin one Mr. Pace — Item, the Appell out of Essex ; Lethercott, or Russet Apell ; Lounden Peppen ; Kew Goneling, or the Croke ; Glass Appell or Pearmeane ; Red Stear ; Nemes Appell, or Grenlinge ; Bellabone ; Ap- pell out of Dorsettsher ; Domine quo Vadis." In " The Hup.bandman's Fruitful! Orchard," we have Pij)pins, Peare- a ■'^"c'dar's History oi" Gloucestershire, App. xxvii., No. xix. ^ Blomefield's I-i. t '-j' ol ITorfolk, Tol. xi., p. 242. THE APPLE. mains, John Apples, Winter Russetings, and Leather Coats. Gerard enumerates and figures " The Pome Water, the Baker's Ditch, the King of Apples, the Quining or Queene of Apples, the Sommer Pearemaine," and " the Winter Pearemaine ;" and he says, " I have seene in the pastures and hedgerowes. about the grounds of a worshippfuU gentle- man, dwelling two miles from Hereford, called ill. Roger Bednome, so many trees of all sortes, tliat the seruants drinke for the most part no other drinke, but that which is made of Apples. The quantitie is such, that by the report of the gentleman himselfe, the parson hath for tithe many hogs- heads of Syder." But it is to Parkinson we are indebted for the best account of the early English varieties, of which he enume- rates no less than fifty-nine, with " tweenty sorts of sweet- ings and none good ;" and from him may be dated the dawn of British Pomology. Hartlib mentions one who had 200 sorts of apples, and was of opinion that 500 sorts existed. Rea, in his Pomona, enumerates twenty varieties, sixteen of which are not mentioned by Parkinson ; and Meager gives a list of eighty- three, which were cultivated in the Bromp- ton Park, and some other nurseries round London, of which fifty- one are not found in the hsts of either Parkinson or Rea. Worlidge mentions ninety-two, which are chiefly cider fruits. The seventy-seven varieties of Ray are much the same as those enumerated by Worhdge. Daring the last century, the writings of Switzer, Langiey, Hitt, Miller, and Abercrombie, added little to what have aheady been noticed, except that Switzer first mentions the Nonpareil; and it is to Forsyth that we are indebted for a more ex- tended knowledge of the different varieties, then known to exist in this country. With Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., the first President of the London Horticultural Society, a new era in the history of pomology commenced, and during his lifetime there was more attention devoted to this study, than had been since the days of Evelyn and De Quintinye. It was with this zealous horticulturist, that a practical application of the discovery of the sexes of plants, was first systematically carried into operation ; and the success which attended his labors in hybridization, is evinced by the many valuable varieties of fruits which he 6 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC, was the means of producing. Through the exertions of this gentleman, and his iUustrious cotemporaries, Sahine, Wilhams, and Braddick, the gardens of the Horticultural Society, became a depository for all the varieties which could be gathered together from all parts of Europe and America, and the result has been, that in the last edition of the Society's Catalogue, Mr. Thompson has enume- rated upwards of 1400 varieties of the apple alone, the greater portion of which, however, are proved to be unworthy of cultivation for any purpose whatever. The apple is a very wholesome fruit. In its raw state it is highly esteemed in the dessert, and when either roasted, boiled, or in pies, it forms an excellent and nutri- tious food. Dr. Johnson says he knew a clergyman, of small income, who brought up a family very reputably, which he chiefly fed on apple dumplings ! Administered to invalids it is cooling, refreshing, and laxative. It is well known as furnishing an excellent sauce ; and apple jelly forms one of the finest preserves. Norfolk Beefings are that variety of apple baked in ovens, after the bread is drawn, and flattened to the form in which they are sold in the shops of the confectioners and fruiterers. In Normandy and Ame- rica, apples are to a considerable extent dried in the sun, in which state they may be preserved for a long period and used at pleasure, when they form an excellent dish stewed with sugar, cloves, and other spices. Those dried in America are cut into quarters, while those of Normandy are preserved whole. There is a drink with which our ancestors were wont to regale themselves called Lambs-wool, or more properly Lamasool, a word derived from La maes Abhal, which signi- fies the day of apple fruit. This drink was composed of ale and the pulp of roasted apples, with sugar and spice. It is mentioned by Gerard, and in an old song, called " The King and the Miller," we find it referred to " A Clip of Lambs-wool they drank to him there." Besides these, and many other uses to which the apple is applied, its juice produces cider, which forms, in many parts of this country, in Normandy, and the United States, an in- dispensable beverage. The juice of the wild species, called THE APPLE. crab vinegar, or verjuice, when applied externally is good for strains, spasms, and cramps. The chemical composition of the apple is, chlorophylle, sugar, gum, vegetable fibre, albumen, malic acid, tannin and gallic acid, lime, and a great quantity of water. The apple may be grown on almost any description of soil, provided it is not absolutely wet. That on which it succeeds best is a humid sandy loam, or a well-drained strong clay, which if it possesses a calcareous, or gravelly subsoil, will be still more advantageous. It is not requisite that it should be of so great depth as for pears, as the apple, having no tap-root, does not penetrate so far into the soil. From eighteen inches to two feet will be found a good depth ; but where the soil is good, and the subsoil sufficiently humid without being literally wet, even a foot to eighteen inches will answer every purpose. CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. A great desideratum in pomological science is, a system of classifica- tion for the apple, founded on characters which are at once permanent and well defined. The Germans have been most assiduous in endeavor- ing to attain this object, and many systems have been suggested, of which those of Manger, Sickler, Christ, and Diel, are most generally known. But it is to Diel that the greatest merit is due, for having produced a system, which, though far from perfect, is greatly in advance of any which had hitherto been produced ; and which has been universally adopted by all the German pomologists. In 1847, my friend Dochnahl, an eminent and assiduous pomologist, published a system, based upon that of Diel, of which it is a modification, and which possesses such ad- vantages over its type, as to be more easily reduced to practise. As the systems of Diel and Dochnahl, are certainly the best which have yet appeared, I have introduced them here, for the benefit of those who may want a groundwork on which to form an arrangement. 8 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. DIEL'S CLASSIFICATION. CLASS I. RIBBED APPLES. L They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs round the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render the shape irregular. — 2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells. OEDER I. TRUE CALVILLES. L They taper from about the middle of the fruit towards the eye. — 2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree. — 3. They have, or acquire by keeping, an unctuous skin. — 4. They are not distinctly and purely striped. — 5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh. — 6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor. ORDER II. SCHLOTTERAPFEL. L The skin does not feel unctuous. — 2. They are not covered with bloom. — 3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering form. — 4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish flavor. — 5. They have a granulous, loose, and coarse-grained flesh. ORDER III. GULDERLINGE. L They are not balsamic like Order I., but of an aromatic flavor. — 2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes. — 3. They are either of a conical or flat shape. — 4. They are most prominently ribbed round the eye. CLASS II. ROSENAPFEL— ROSE APPLES. L They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree. — 2. They have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells. — 3. They emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed. — 4. The skin does not feel unctuous. — 5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit. — 6. They have a tender, loose, spongy, and mostly fine-grained flesh. — 7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise flavor. — 8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only summer, or autumn apples. — 9. They are mostly striped like a tulip. ORDER I. FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG. ORDER II. FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT. CLASS III. RAMBOURS. 1. They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts. — 2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves, namely one side lower than the other. — 3. They are constantly furnished with ribs round the eye, which are broad, rising irregularly the one above the other, and extending over the fruit, so as to render it irregular in its shape ; they are al?o compressed and have one ^ide higher than the other. — 4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 9 elongated. — 5. They have all a loose, coarse-grained, and often very pleasant flesh. ORDER L WITH WIDE CELLS. ORDER II. WITH NARROW CELLS. CLASS IV. REINETTES. 1. They have a fine-grained, delicate, crisp, firm, or tender flesh. — 2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsome shaped apple ; in them the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple, towards the eye, is the same as that towards the stalk, or not^much different. — 3. They are all grey dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with russet. — 4. They have only rarely an unctuous skin. — 5. They have all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the Reinette flavor — 6. They decay very readily, and must, of all apples, hang longest on the tree. — 7. The really sweet, and at the same time aromatic apples, belong to the Reinettes, only as regards their shape, their russety character, and their fine or firm flesh. — 8. Apples with fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a separate class, — for instance, the Pippins also belong to this class. ORDER I. SELE COLORED REINETTES. 1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow. — 2. Having no lively colors or marks of russet on the side next the sun ; except those that are very much exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red. — 3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. ORDER II. RED REINETTES. Having all the properties of the self colored. Reinettes, but of a pure red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet. ORDER HL GREY REINETTES. 1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow. — 2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches spread over the greater part of the fruit are very conspicious. — 3. The side next the sun is often dull brownish, oi' ochreous red. ORDER IV. GOLDEN REINETTES. 1. On the side next the sun they are washed, or striped with beautiful crimson. — 2. The ground color changes by keeping to beautiful deep yellow. — 3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of russet. CLASS V. STREIFLINGE.— STRIPED APPLES. L They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red. — 2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, 'or only very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun. — 3. The stripes may be distinct, that is to say, truly striped ; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; buc 10 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. on the shaded side the stripes are well defined. — 4. The cells are regular. — 5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor. — 6. They have not the same flavor as the Roseniipfel. — 7. They do not decay except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when properly ripened. — 8. They form a large and somewhat considerable class among the culinary fruits. ORDER I. FLAT STREIFLINGE. 1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened. — 2. They are constantly half an inch broader than high. ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE. 1. They are broader than ^high. — 2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical, or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half. ORDER IIL OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAIi STREIFLINGE. 1. The height and breath are almost equal. — 2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex. — 3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally. ORDER IV. ROUND STREIFLINGE. 1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same. — 2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch. — 3. Laid in the hand with the eye and stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape. CLASS VL TAPERING APPLES. 1. They have the cells regular. — 2. They are not covered with bloom. — 3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun. — 4. Constantly diminishing to a point towards the eye. — 5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching a pure acid. — 6. They do not decay readily. ORDER L OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL. Characters the same as Order IIL of the Streiflinge. ORDER II. TAPERING TO A POINT. Characters the same as Order 11. of the Streiflinge. CLASS VIL FLAT APPLES. 1. They are constantly broader than high. — 2. They are never striped. — 3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red. — 4. They have regular cells. — 5. They are not unctuous when handled. — 6. They do not decay readily. — 7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour. ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES. 1. The difference is obvious to the eye. — 2. The breadth is con- stantly half an inch more than the height. THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 11 OEUER II. ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES. 1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth and height. — 2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of an inch. — 3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost or quite two equal halves. DOCHNAHL'S CLASSIFICATION. SECTION I. PLEUROIDEA.— ^A^Gt/Z^i? OR RIBBED APPLES. Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit, and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally situated. CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.— QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES. ORDER I. CALYILLA—CALVILLES. L They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or often entirely torn ; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to the tube of the calyx. — 2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little above it towards the eye. — 3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit. — 4. On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom. — 5. They are never distinctly striped. — 6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries. — 7. The eye is frequently closed. — 8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an oily or unctuous skin. GROUP L FRUCTUS RUBRI— Fi?£//r RED. The fruit almost entirely covered with red. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.— i^ift/^/T TWO-COLORED. Yellow, very much striped or washed with red. GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEL— Fi?t/7r YELLOW. Of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow. ORDER IL PSEUDO-CAL VILLA.— S^STARD CALVILLES. 1 . The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open. — 2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short. — 3. They are slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk. — 4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye. — 5. They are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles. — 6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to the Reinettes. The Groups are the same as in the First Order. 12 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. CLASS II. MALA VYRXKIA.— PEAR-SHAPED APPLES. Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic ; they are purely swtet or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose. ORDER I. TR'&UKRIA.— SEEDS LOOSE. 1 . These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither unctuous nor covered with bloom. — 2. They are also furnished with ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles. — 3. The cells are very large, irregular, widened, and generally open. — 4. The calycinal tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the cells. — 5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed shape. — 6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a slight balsamic flavor. — 7. The leaves of these trees are very large, rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and Bastard Calvilles. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—Fi? C7/r SELF-COLORED. Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.— TTFO COLORED. Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red. ORDER II. 'RAMBUnA.— RAM BU RES. \. They are all very large. — 2. They have almost always the two halves unequal. — 3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are. — 4. They are not furnished with ribs except round the eye ; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit. — 5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they are past maturity. — 6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable. GROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.— C£ZZS WIDE. GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.— C£ZZ5 NARROW. SECTION II. ^VYiMROlD^K.— SPHERICAL APPLES. They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, but never true ribs. CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.— if^7)Z^i?-^^^P^i) APPLES. Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, or anise. ORDER 1. APIANA.— ^F/5 OR ROSE APPLES. ]. Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a snow-white color. — 2. The cells are almost always regular and closed. — 3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed. — 4. They have a balsamic flavor, accompanied with a very agreeable odor. — 5. They emit a pleasant THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 13 odor, especially when briskly rubbed. — 6. When they are on the tree, they are frequently covered with blue bloom, and striped like a tulip, — 7. The fruit is mostly small or middle sized. — 8. They are mostly of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLO^GL— OBLONG FRUIT. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPUJEnJCI— BOUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT. ORDER II. UEINETTA.—REINETTES. 1. These are apples which have generally the most regular and handsome shape ; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk. — 2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely covered with russet. — 3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, but generally rough when handled. — 4. They all decay very readily, (they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.) — 5. Their flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate. — 6. They are all charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette flavored. GROUP I. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.— 5£:XF COLORED. 1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow. — 2. Having no lively colors nor marks of russet, on the side next the sun ; except those that are very much exposed, and are slightly tinged with red. — 3. Plaving no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS UUBUl.— FRUIT RED. Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes ; but on the side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet. GROUP 3. FRUCTUS nAVL— FRUIT RUSSETED. 1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow. — 2. The coatings of russet are very conspicious. — 3. The side next the sun is often dingy, brownish, or oclu-eous-red. — 4. They all decay very readily. GROUP 4. FRUCTUS AUREI. -FFZZOTF OR GOLDEN FRUIT. GOLDEN RKINETTES. 1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with beautiful crimson. — 2. The ground color changes by keeping, to beautiful deep yellow. — 3. Over the crimson there is a light, thin trace, or complete covering of russet. CLASS IV. MALA MALARIA.— PEi^F^CT OR PURE APPLE SHAPED. They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid. ORDER I. STRIOLA.— 5T7?/P£Z) APPLES. 1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red. — 2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun. — 3. The stripes may all be distinct, 14 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. that is, clearly and finely striped ; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red ; but on the shaded side, the stripes are well defined. — 4. The cells are regular. — 5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when it has been properly ripened. GROUP 1. FPtUCTUS BEFRESSl. -FRUIT FLAT. 1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened. — 2. They are always half an inch broader than high. GROUP 2. TRUCTUS ACUUmATL—POINTED FRUIT. 1. They are broader than high. — 2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half. GROUP 3. FRUCTUB OBLONGL— i»'i?C//r OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL. 1. The height and breadth are almost equal. — 2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex. — 3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally. GROUP 4. FRUCTUS SFUJEmCL— FRUIT ROUND. 1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.— 2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch. — 3. When laid on their sides they present a spherical shape. ORDER II. CONTUBERNALIA.-SrOi?/i\^G OR HOUSEHOLD APPLES. 1. Having the cells regular. — 2. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun. — 3. They do not decay readily. — 4. They are not unctuous when handled. — 5. They are never covered with bloom. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS ACJJMmATL— FRUIT TAPERING. Diminishing towards the eye. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BEFRY.SSI.— FRUIT FLAT. They are constantly broader than high. Such is the classification of Dochnahl, and although it is not all that could be desired, it is certainly the lest which has yet been published, and will serve as a good foundation on which to raise a more perfect work. I have not had an opportunity of applying either of these arrangements to the classification of our British apples, but for the purpose of affording a little assistance in identifying the different varielies described in this work, I have prepared the following, which, although I am aware is not what could be desired, will at least be sufficient for all general purposes. The period of duration, and the coloring of fruits, vary to a consider- able extent according to circumstances of soil, situation, and season ; but in the following arrangement, I have endeavored to embrace those characters which they are most generally found to possess. THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. I. SUMMER APPLES. Consisting of such as either ripen on the tree, or shortly after being gathered, and which generally do not last longer than the beginning of October. § ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE. A. Pale Colored. Being either of an uniform pale color , or occusionully tinged withjaint red. Calville Blanche d'Ete Dutch Codlin Early Harvest Early Julien Early Spice Joanneting Large Yellow Bough Madeleine OsUn Sack and Sugar Stirzaker's Early Square B. Striped. Being wholly or partiulhj marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. Borovitsky Duchess of Oldenburgh Nonesuch Ravelstone Pippin Whorle C. Red. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red. Calville Rouge d'Ete Calville Rouge de Micoud Cole Devonshire Quarrenden Irish Peach Maiden's Blush Passe Ponime d'Automne Passe Fomme Rouge Red Astrachan § § OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. A. Pale Colored. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. Carlisle Codlin Early Wax English Codlin Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Springrove Codlin Sugar Loaf Pippin Summer Golden Pippin Teuchat's Egg White Astrachan B. Striped. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. American Summer Pearmain Creeper Kerry Pippin Longville's Kernel Margaret Pigeonnet C. Red. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirety covered with red. Dr. Helsham's Pippin Hollow Core King of the Pippins Sugar and Brandy 11. AUTUMN APPLES. Including such as are in use from the time of gathering to Christmas, IG BRITISH rOMOLOolY, LTG. § KOUND, ROUNDISH, Oli OBLATE. A. Pale Colored. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. American Fall Bland's Jubilee Breedon Pippin Bridgewater Pippin Broadend Broad Eyed Pippin Cobb am Dowell's Pippin Downton Pippin Drap d'Or Early Nonpareil Flanders Pippin Forest Siire Franklin's Golden Pippin Gloria Mundi Golden ]\Ionday Golden Noble Gooseberry Apple Grange Harvey Apple Pawsan Small Stalk Stead's Kernel Waltliam Abbey Seedling White Westling Winter Lading Yellow Elliot B. Striped. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. Bachelor's Glory Biggs's Nonesuch Cellini Chester Pearmain Creed's Marigold Elford Pippin Flushing Spitzenburgli Gravenstein Green Woodcock Hermann's Pipi^in Hoary Morning Hollandbury Kentish Fill Basket <<6^ Kingston Black Longstart Monkton Nanny Rabine Eambour Franc Red- Streak Red Streaked Rawling Siberian Harvey . Summer Strawberry Trumpington C. Red. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red. Api Etoille Bere Court Pippin Borsdorffer Burn's Seedling Calville Rouge d'Automne Cherry Apple Coutin Reinette Flower of Kent Forge Fox ley Glory of the West Greenup's Pippin Hawtliornden Isle of Wight Pippin Lady's Delight ])e Neige Red-Must Rjmer Scarlet Crofton Scarlet Tiffing Scotch Bridget Siberian Bitter Sweet Summer Broadend D. Russet. Being entirely or to a great extent covered with russet. Brown Ken ling Cornish Aromatic Ten Shillings § § OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. A. Pale Colored. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. Brookes's Catbhead Coccagee Costard Cray Pippin Green Tiffing Hargreave's Green Sweet Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance I slew or th Crab THE APPLE. — ITS CLASSTFICATION. ir 'Kilkenny Peariuain Lucombe's Pine Marmalade Melrose Monkland Pippin Nelson Codlin -^ Pitniaston Golden Wreath Proliferous Reinette Sheep's Nose Tarvey Codlin Toker's Incomparable Transparent Codlin — White Wine Wormsley Pippin — =» Yellow Ingestrie B. Striped. Being wholly or partially marked, with stripett, either un a pale or colored ground. Angustus Pearmain Belle Bonne Colonel Vaughan's Bennet Apple Best Baehe Broughton Cowarne Red Duke of Beaufort's Pippin Duncan Emperor Alexander Fill Basket Garter Glory of England Golden Streak Golden Winter Pearmain - ....__ Hagloe Crab Mere de Menage Moore's Seedling Queen of Sauce Summer Pearmain White Paradise C. RF.n. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely co- vered with red. Fox Whelp Friar Ganges Grey Leadington Kentish Pippin Long Nose Pigeon Red Ingestrie Wickham's Pearmain Woodcock D. Rdsset. Being entirely, or to a great extent covered with russet. Bowyer's Russet Patch's Russet Pine Apple Russet I1I._WINTER APPLES. Including such as ai'e in use during the whole of the Winter and Spring. § ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE, . A. Palic Colored. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. Alfriston Bedfordshire Foundling Belledge Pippin Birmingham Pippin Blenheim Pippin Bringewood Pippin Calville Blanche d'Hiver Cluster Golden Pippin Court of Wick Devonshire Buckland Dredge's Fair Maid of Wishford Dredge's Fame Essex Piajiin C Fair's Nonpareil Famagusta Fenouillet Jamie Gogar Pippin Golden Pippin Holland Pippin Hollow Crowned Pippin Hughes's Golden Pippin Minchall Crab Morris's Court of Wick Rambo Reinette Diel Reinette Franc he Reinette Jaune Sucree Reinette Vert Rhode Island Greening Saint Julien Screveton Golden Pippin 18 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Siely's Mignonne Sleeping Beauty Spitzenberg Veiuy Pippin Wyken Pippin Yellow Newtown Pippin B. Striped. Being loholly or partially marheil with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. ^ Brabant Bellefleur Calville Rouge d'Hiver Caroline Christie's Pippin Dutch JMignonne Fulwood Golden Reinette Gros Faros Hall Door Hambledon Deux Ans Hoskreiger Keeping Red Streak Kirke's Lord Nelson Lincolnshire Holland Pippin Lucombe's Seedling Newtown Spitzenberg Ribston Pippin Round Winter Nonesuch Royal Reinette Scarlet Nonpareil Selwood's Reinette Shakespere Shepherd's Fame Somerset Lasting Spice Apple Striped Beefing Striped Monstrous Reinette Taunton Golden Pippin Watson's Dumpling West Grinstead Pippin Yorkshire Greening C. Red. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely co- vered with red. A pi Api Gros Api Noir Baddow Pippin Bank Belle Grisdeline Braddick's Nonpareil Brickley Seedling Calville Malingre Clara Pippin Coul Blush Court-pendu Plat Dumelow's Seedling Fair Maid of Taunton Fearn's Pippin Harvey's Pippin Haute Bonte London Pippin Mela Carla Minier's Dumpling Newtown Pippin Nonpareil Norfolk Beefing Norfolk Paradise Northern Greening Osterley Pippin Padley's Pippin Pearson's Plate Pctworth Nonpareil Pomewater Reinette de Breda Reinette Blanche d'Espagne Reinette de Canada Reinette Van Mons Rose de China Royal Shepherd Sir William Gibbons's Sops in Wine Squire's Greening Sturmer Pippin Surry Flat Cap Turk's Cap Wanstall Wheeler's Extreme White Virgin Winter Colman Winter Greening Winter Majetin D. Russet. Being entirely, or to a great e.ctent, covered with russet. Acklam's Russet Aromatic Russet Ashmead's Kernel Boston Russet Byson Wood Russet Fenouillet Gris Fenouillet Rouge Golden Harvey Horsham Russet Keeping Russet Knobbed Russet Morris's Russet New Rock Pippin Pennington's Seedling Pile's Russet Pltraaston Nonpareil Pomme Grise Powell's Russet Reinette Carpentin Reinette Grise Robinson's Pippin Ross Nonpareil Royal Russet Sam Young Sweeney Nonpareil Sykehouse Russet Wheeler's Russet THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 19 § § OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. A. Pale Colored. Being either of an uniform pale color or occasionally tinged with faint red. Barton's Incomparable Beachamwell Bossom Cockle Pippin Coe's Golden Drop Colonel Harbord's Pippin Darling Pipj)in Hanwell Souring Hormead Pearmain Hunthouse Lemon Pippin Mitchelson's Seedling Norfolk Stone Pippin Nottingham Pippin Oxnead Pearmain Pitmaston Golden Pippin Pope's Apple Tower of Glammis Trumpeter Warner's King Winter Codlin B. Striped. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. Adams's Pearmain Baldwin Baxter's Pearmain Beauty of Kent Benwell's Pearmain Bess Pool Bristol Pearmain Claygate Pearmain Cornish Gilliflower Esopus Spitzenburgh Federal Pearmain Grange's Pearmain Lamb Abbey Pearmain Lewis's Incomparable Loan's Pearmain Margil Parry's Pearmain Royal Pearmain Scarlet Leadington Scarlet Pearmain Seek- no-Farther Winter Pearmain Winter Quoining C. Red. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely co- vered with red. Barcelona Pearmain Farleigh Pippin Foulden Pearmain Hunt's Deux Ans Hutton Square Irish Reinette Lady's Finger Mannington's Pearmain New York Pippin Ord's Apple Petit Jean Pomeroy Ponto Pippin Russet Table Pearmain Tulip Vale Mascal Pearmain Violette Wadhurst Pippin Whitmore Pippin Woolman's Long D. RPSSET. Being entirely, or to a great extent, covered with russet, Betsey Forraan's Crew Golden Knob Golden Pearmain Golden Russet Hubbard's Pearmain Hunt's Duke of Gloucester Martin Nonpareil Morris's Nonpareil Russet Pinner Seedling Rosemary Russet Rushock Pearmain Uellner's Gold Reinette c 2 J20 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 1. ACKLAM'S RUSSET.— Fors. Identification.— Fors. Treat. 92. Lhid. Guide, 85. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, h. 733, Synontme. — Aclemy Eusset, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 359. Fruit, below the medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; round and somewhat flattened. Skin, pale yellow tinged with green, and covered with thin grey russet, particularly on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a smooth, round, and shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, white with a greenish tinge, firm, crisp, juicy, and highly flavoured. An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in November, and will keep under favourable cirQumstances till March. The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds best in a dry soil, and is well adapted for espalier training. This variety is supposed to have originated at the village of Acklam, in Yorkshire. 2. ADAMS'S PEARMAIN.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Guide, 60. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 529. Synontme. — Norfollc Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 685. Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 133. Fruit, large, varying from two inches and a half to three inches high and about the same in breadth at the widest part ; pearmain - shaped, very even, and regularly formed. Skin, pale yellow tinged with green, and covered with delicate russet on the shaded side ; but deep yellow tinged with red, and delicately streaked with live- lier red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, with acute erect segments, set in a narrow, round, and plaited basin. Stalk, varying from half an inch to an inch long, oblique- ly inserted in a sl^allow cavity, and generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 21 it. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with an agreeable and pleasantly perfumed flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to Feb- ruary. It is a large and very handsome variety, and worthy of general cultivation. The tree is a free and healthy grower, producing long slender shoots, by which, and its cucuUated ovate leaves, it is easily distinguished. It is an excellent bearer even in a young state, particularly on the paradise or doucin stock, and succeeds well as an espalier. 3. ALFRISTON.- -Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 8. -Hort. Lind. Guide, 26. Down. Fr. Identification.- Amer. 97. Synonymes. — Lord Gwydyr's Newtown Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Old- aker's New, Ibid. Shepherd's Pippin, in Sussex. Shepherd's Seedling, Ibid. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxv. f. L Fruit, of the largest size, generally about three inches and a half wide, and from two and three quarters to three inches high ; roundish, and angular on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow on the shaded side, and tinged with orange next the sun, covered all over with veins, or reticu- lations of russet. Eye, open, set in a deep and uneven basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, juicy, sugary, and briskly flavoured. This is one of the largest and best culinary apples. It comes into use in the beginning of November and continues till April. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, very hardy, and an abund- ant bearer. 22 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. This variety is supposed to have been raised by a person of the name of Shepherd, at Uclifield, in Sussex, and has for many years been exten- sively cultivated in that county, under the names o^ Shepherd's Seedling, and Shepherd's Pippin, two names by which it is there most generally known. Some years ago a Mr. Brooker, of Alfriston, near Hailsham, in Sussex, sent specimens of the fruit to the London Horticultural Society, by whom, being unknown, it was called the Alfriston, a name by which it is now generally known, except in its native county. By some it is erroneously called the Baltimore and Newtown Pippin. 4. AMERICAN FALL PIPPIN.— H. Si'NONYME. — Fall Pippin, Coxe. Vietv, 109, Down. Fr. Amer. 84. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; roundish, ribbed on the sides, and almost the same width at the apex as the base. Skin, yellow tinged with green, and strewed with brown dots on the shaded side ; but with a tinge of brown, and numerous embedded pearly specks on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, M'ith broad, flat segments, set in a wide, deep, and rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yel- lowish, slightly tinged with green at the margin, tender, juicy, sugary, slightly perfumed, and pleasantly flavoured. Unlike the majority of American Apples, this comes to great perfec- tion in this country, and is a valuable and first-rate culinary apple. It is ripe in October and will last till Christmas. TIIK Ain>l,E. ITS VARIETIES. 23 This is the true Fall Pippin of the American orchards, and a very different variety from the Fall Pippin of this country, which is known by the names of Cobbett's Fall Pippin, and Reinette Blanche d'Espagne. 5. AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN.— Ken. Identification.— Ken. Amer. Or. 1. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr. Amer. 70. Synonyme. — Eai-ly Summer Pearmain, Coxe. View, 104. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yelloW; covered with patches and streaks of light red, on the shaded side ; and streaked with fine bright red, interspersed with markings of yellow on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, very tender, rich, and pleasantly flavored. An excellent early apple, either for dessert or kitchen use. It is ripe in the end of August, and will keep till the end of September. The tree is a healthy grower, a prolific bearer, and succeeds well on liffht soils. 6. API.— Duh. Identification.— Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 309. Quint. Traite, 1, 202. Synontmes. — Lady Apple, Coxe. View, 117. Down. Fr. Amer. 115. Pomme d'Apict, Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Pomme Appease, Worl. Vin. 165. L'Api, Bret. Ecole. II. 478. Pomme d'Apis, Knoop. Pom. 68, t. xii. Api Rouge, Poit. Pom. Franf. t. 113. Pomme d'Api, Fors. Treat. 121. Petit Api Rouge, Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pi. 105. Api Petit, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 11. Pomme Rose, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. erroneously. Pomme Dieu and Long Bois, in some provinces of France. Kleine Api Apt'el, Christ. Handb. ed. 2, n. 145. Der Jungfernapfel, Christ Handworter, 17. Der Einfache, der Welsche Api, Ibid. Bollen oder Traubenapfel, Ibid. Api Roesje, Ibid. Appius Claudius, Evelyn. Fr. Gard. 124. Malus Apiosa, Hort. Par. Figures.— Duh. Arb. Fr. L pi. ix. Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. Ixxxvii. f. 1. Jard. fruit, ed. 2, pi. 105. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 1. Fruit, small ; oblate. Skin, thick, smooth, and shining, yellowish green in the shade, changing to pale yel- low as it attains maturity ; and deep glossy red, approaching to crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in- serted. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, sweet, very juicy, and slightly per- fumed. A beautiful little dessert apple in use from October to April. It should be eaten with the skin on, as it is there that the perfume, is contained. The skin is very sensitive of shade, and any device may be formed upon it, by causing pieces of paper, in the form of the design required, to adhere on the side exposed to the sun, before it has attained its deep red color. ^i BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The tree is of a pyramidiil habit of growth, healthy, and an abundant bearer. It succeeds well in almost any situation, provided the soil is rich, loamy, and not too light or dry ; and may be grown with equal success either on the doucin, or crab stock. When worked on the French para- dise it is well adapted for pot culture. The fruit is firmly attached to the spurs and forcibly resists the effects of high winds. It has been asserted, that this apple was brought from Peloponessus to Rome, by Appius Claudius. Whether this be true or not, there can be no doubt it is of great antiquity, as all the oldest authors regard it as the production of an age prior to their own. Dalechamp and Harduin are of opinion that it is the Petisia of Pliny ; but J. Baptista Porta considers it to be the Appiana of that author, who thus describes it, " Odor est his cotoneorum magnitude quae Claudianis, color rubens."* From this description it is evident that two varieties are referred to, the Appiana and Claudiana. Such being the ca^, J. Baptista Porta says, " duo sunt apud nos mala, magnitudine, et colore paria, et preciosa, quorum unum odorem servat cotoneorum, alterum minime. Quod odore caret, vulgo dictum 3Ielo rosa. Id roseo colore perfusum est, mira teneritudine et sapore, minime fugax, pomum magnitudine media, ut facile cum ceteris de principatu certet, nee indignum Claudii nomine. Hoc Claudianum dicerem."'' This Melo Rosa may possibly be the Pomme Rose or Gros Api ; and if so, we may infer that the Api is the Appiana, and the Gros Api the Claudiana of Pliny. This, however, may be mere conjecture, but as the authority referred to, was a native of Naples, and may be sup- posed to know something of the traditionary associations of the Roman fruits, I have deemed it advisable to record his opinion on the subject. According to Merlet, the Api was first discovered as a wilding in the Forest of Api, in Brittany. Although mentioned by most of the early continental writers, the Api does not appear to have been known in this country, till towards the end of the 17th century. It is first mentioned by Worlidge, who calls it " Pomme Appease, a curious apple, lately propagated ; the fruit is small and pleasant, which the Madams of France carry in their pockets, by reason they yield no unpleasant scent." Lister, in his " Journey to Paris, 1698," speaking of this as being one of the apples served up in the dessert, says, " Also the Pome d'Apis, which is sei-ved here more for show than for use ; being a small flat apple, very beautiful, and very red on one side, and pale or white on the other, and may serve the ladies at their toilets as a pattern to paint by." De Quintinye calls it " Une Pomme des Damoiselles et de bonne compagnie." Under the name of Lady Apple, large quantities of the Api are annu- ally imported to this country from the United States, where it is grown to a great extent, and produces a considerable return to the growers, as it always commands the highest price of any other fancy apple in the market. In the winter months, they may be seen encircled with various coloured tissue papers, adorning the windows of the fruiterers in Covent Garden Market. There are other varieties mentioned by J. B. Porta as belonging to the Api family ; one Avhich ripened in August, in size like the Claudiana « Plinii Hist. NiU. Lib. xv., cap. 14. '' Villic, p. 278. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. ^5 already mentioned, and commonly called Melo Appio Hosso, because it retained the scent of the Api ; this is probably the Rother Sommer-api of Diel. There is another, of which he says, " Assererem tuto esse Mela- piuni Pliuii," and which was held in such estimation as to give rise to the proverb — " Ommc malum malum praetcr appium malum." 7. API GROS.— Dull. loKNTiFicATiox. — DuIi. Arb. Fr. 1, 312. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Stnonvmks. — Poimne Rose, QuinL Trnite, I. 203, but not of Knoop. Pomme d'Api Gros. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 39. Passe-rose, Chart. Cat. 55. Grosser Api, Rosenapi, Diel Kernobst. iv., 228. Api Rose. Doppelter A])\., Ace. Christ Hand- worter. Rubenapfel, Ibid. Api Grand, Ibid. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mal.pl. xx. f. 1. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches high ; oblate. Skin, pale green, changing as it ripens to pale yel- low on the shaded side, and pale red, mottled with green, where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide, rather deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, crisp, very juicy, and briskly flavored. Suitable either for the dessert, or for culinary purposes ; it is inferior to the Api and not a first-rate apple. In use from December to March. The tree has much similarity to the Api in its growth, and is a good bearer. This is a variety of the preceding, and closely resembles it in all its parts, except that it is much larger. " La Pomme Rose resemble extre- raement partout son exterieur a la Pomme d'Apis, mais a mon gout elle ne la vaut pas quoy que puissent dire les curieux du Rhone, qui la veu- lent autant elever aussi au dessus des autres, qu'ils elevent la Poire Chat au dessus des autres Poires." — De Quintinye. S. API ETOILLE.— Diel. Identification. — Diel. Kernobst. B. iv, 31. SvNONTMES. — Pomme Etoillee, Duh. Arb. Fr. I, 312. Pomme d'Etoille, Ibid. Gelber Sternfijnniger Api, Diel Kernobst. B, iv. 31. Sternapfel, Christ Hand- worter, 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 797. This is a variety of the Api, from which it is distinguished by being very much flattened, and furnished with five very prominent angles on the sides, which give it the appearance of a star, hence its name. It is of a deep yellow on the shaded side, and redish orange next the sun. It is a well-flavored apple, but only of second-rate quality. It ripens about the middle or end of September. The variety received under this name by the London Horticultural Society must have been incorrect, as in the last edition of their catalogue it is made synonymous with Api Petit. 26 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 9. API NOIR.— Duh. Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 311. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Synonyme. — Schwarzer Api, Diel Kernohst. ix. 214. FiGDRE.— Poit et. Turp. pi. 137. Fruit, small, but a little larger and somewhat flatter than the Api, to which it bears a close resemblance. Skin, tender, smooth, and shining as if varnished, and almost entirely covered, where exposed to the sun, with very dark crimson, almost approaching to black, like the Pomme Violette, bvit becoming paler towards the shaded side, where there is generally a patch of light yellow ; it is strewed with fawn-colored dots, and some markings of russet. Eye, very small, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, about three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather deep, wide, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Fleslf, pure white, firm and juicy, tinged with red under the skin, and with a pleasant, vinous, and slightly per- fumed flavor. A dessert apple, inferior to the Api, and cultivated merely for curi- osity. It is in use from November to April, but is very apt to become meally. The habit of the tree is similar to that of the Api, but it is rather a larger grower. 10. AROMATIC RUSSET.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Guide, 86. Rog. Fr, Cult. 10.5. FiGDRE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about two inches and a quarter high ; roundish-ovate, and flattened at both ends. Skin, greenish yellow, almost entirely covered with brownish grey russet, strewed with brownish scales on the shaded side, and slightly tinged with brownish red, strewed with silvery scales on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and open, with broad recurved segments, and set in a rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and richly aromatic. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from December to February. The tree is very hardy and an abundant bearer. 11. ASHMEAD'S KERNEL.— I.ind. Identification.— Lind. Guide, 86. Eon. Pyr. Mai. 63, but cot of Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Synonyme. — Dr. Ashmead's Kernel, in Gloucestershire. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi, xxxii. f. 5. Fruit, below medium size; round and flattened, but sometimes consider- ably elongated ; the general character, however, is shown in the accom- panying figure. Skin, light greenish yellow, covered with yellowish brown russet, and a tinge of broAvn next the sun. Eye, small and partially open, placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round and THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 27 deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, rich, and highly aromatic. A dessert apple of the very first quality, possessing all the richness of the Nonpareil, but with a more sugary juice. It comes into use in No- vember, but is in greatest perfection from Christmas till May. The tree is very hard}^ an excellent bearer, and will succeed in situa- tions unfavorable to the Nonpareil, to which its leaves and shoots bear such a similarity, as to justify Mr. Lindley in believing it to be a seedling from that variety. This delightful apple was raised at Gloucester, about the beginning of last century, by Dr. Ash- mead, an eminent physician of that city. The original tree existed within the last few years, in what had origi- nally been Dr. Ashmead's garden, but was destroyed in consequence of the ground being required for building. It stood on the spot now oc- cupied by Clarence Street. It is difficult to ascertain the exact period when it was raised ; but the late Mr. Hignell, an eminent or- chardist at Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire, informed me, that the first time he ever saw the fruit of Ashmead's Kernel, was from a tree in the nursery of Mr. Wheeler, of Gloucester, in the year 1796, and that the tree in question had been worked from the original, and was at that time upwards of thirty years old. From this it may be inferred that the original tree had attained some celebrity by the middle of last century. The Ashmead's Kernel has long been a favorite apple in all the gardens of West Gloucestershire, but it does not seem to have been known in other parts of the country. Like the Ribston Pippin it seems to have remained long in obscurity, befoi-e its value was generally appreciated; it is not even enumerated in the catalogue of the extensive collection which was cultivated by Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790. I find it was cultivated in the Brompton Park Nursery, in 1780, at which time it was received from Mr. Wheeler, nurseiyman, of Gloucester, who was author of " The Botanist's and Gardener's Dictionary," published in 1763, and grandfather of Mr. J. Cheslin Wheel ei*, the present proprietor of the nursery, to whom I am indebted for specimens of the fruit, and much valuable information connected with the varieties cultivated in that district. 12. AUGUSTUS PEARMAIN — Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. p. 30. Fruit, below medium size ; pearmain-shaped, regular and handsome. Skin, thick and membranous, yellow in the shade, and marked with a few 28 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. broken stripes of red ; but red, streaked all over with deeper red on the side next the sun ; it is dotted with grey dots, and sometimes marked with patches of grey - colored russet, which is strewed with scales of a darker color. Eye, small and closed, with long segments, set in a narrow and even basin. Stalk, very short, not protruding beyond the base, and having the appear- ance of a knob obliquely at- tached. Flesh, tender, juicy, brisk, and vinous, with a pleasant aromatic flavor. A dessert apple, gene- rally of only second-rate quality ; but in some sea- sons it is of a rich flavor and of first-rate quality. It is in use from November to Christmas. 13. BACHELOR'S GLORY.— H. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two and three quarters high ; roundish and irregularly ribbed, generally higher on one side of the eye than the other. Skin, smooth and shining, striped with deep golden yellow, and crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a plaited, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, about half an inch long, deeply inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with rough scaly russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. A second-rate fruit, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; in use from October to November. This is a variety grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it is much esteemed, but in the southern districts, where the more choice varieties can be brought to perfection, it can only rank as a second- rate fruit. 14. BADDOW PIPPIN.— H. Synontme. — Spring Ribston, Eiv. Cat. 1848. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish or rather oblate, with prominent ribs on the sides, which terminate in four, and sometimes five considerable ridges at the crown, very much in the character of the London Pippin. It is sometimes of an ovate shape, caused by the stalk being prominent instead of depressed, in which case the ribs on the sides, and ridges round the eye, are less apparent. Skin, deep lively green, changing as it ripens to yellowish green, on the shaded side ; but covered on the THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 29 side next the sun with dull red, which changes to orange where it blends with the yellow ground ; the whole considerably marked with thin brown russet, and russety dots. Eye, rather large and open, with short segments, and set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not more than a quarter of an inch long, and inserted in a shal- low cavity. Flesh, green- ish white, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and with a particu- larly rich and vinous flavor, partaking somewhat of the Nonpareil and Ribston, but particularly the latter. This is a first-rate dessert apple, in use in November, and possessing the desirable property of keeping till April or May. This variety originated in the garden of Mr. John Harris, of Broom- field, near Chelmsford, and was first introduced to public notice in the autumn of 1848. 15. BALDWIN.— Ken. Identification. — Ken. Amer. Or. 41. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 22. Down. Fr. Amer. 98. Stnontmes. — Red Baldwin, Ace, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Butter's, Ibid. Wood- pecker, Ibid. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and about three inches high ; ovato-conical. Skin, smooth, yellow on the shaded side ; and on the side next the sun, deep orange, covered with stripes of bright red, which sometimes extend over the whole surface to the shaded side, and marked with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a deep, nar- row, and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, and inserted in a deep cavity, from which issue ramifying patches of russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid, with a rich and agreeable flavor. A culinary apple, in season from November to March. The tree is vigorous, and an abundant bearer ; but like the generality of the Ameri- can sorts, it does not attain the size, or flavor in this country, which it does in its native soil. This is considered one of the finest apples in the Northern States of America, and is extensively grown in Massachussets, for the supply of the Boston Market. 16. BANK APPLE.— 11. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and about two inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, regularly and handsomely formed. Skin, greenish yellow, with a blush and faint streaks of red next the sun, dotted all over with minute dots, and marked with several 80 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. large spots of rough russet ; the base is covered with a coating of russet, strewed with silvery scales. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch long, obliquely inserted by the side of a fleshy prominence. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk, juicy, and pleasantly acid, resembling the Winter Greening in flavor. It is an excellent culinary apple, in use from November to February ; but as it has nothing to recommend it, in preference to other varieties already in cultivation, it need only be grown in large collections. The original tree was produced from a pip, accidentally sown in the home nursery of Messrs. Ronalds, of Brentford, and fi'om growing on a bank by the side of a ditch, it was called the Bank Apple. 17. BARCELONA PEARMAIN.— Hort. iDENTiFiCATroN.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 532. Lind. Guide, 62. Rog. Fr. Cult. 74. •* Synonymes. — Speckled Golden Reinette, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 933. Speckled Pearmain, Ibid. ed. 2. Polinia Pearmain, Ace. Rog. Fr. Cult. Reinette Rousse, Dull. Arb. Fr. I. 302. Reinette des Carmes, Ace. Chart. Cat. 51. Glace Rouge, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. l,n. 365. Kleine Casseler Reinette, Diel Kernobst. I. 182. Cassel Reinette, Christ. Handb. No. 58. Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 85, Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi., f. 4. Fruit, of medium size ; oval. Skin, clear pale yellow, mottled with red in the shade ; but dark I'ed next the sun, the whole covered with numerous star-like rus- sety specks, those on the shaded side being brownish, and those next the sun yellow. Eye, small and open, with erect acuminate segments, and set in a round, even, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, very juicy, and with a rich, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor. One of the best des- sert apples, and equally vahiable for culinary purposes. It comes to perfection about the end of November, and continues in use till March. The tree is a free grower, but does not attain the largest size. It is THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 31 very hardy, au abundant bearer, and succeeds well either as a standard or an espalier. In the third edition of the Horticidtural Society's Catalogue, this is said to be the same as Reinette Rouge. I do not think that it is the Reinette Rouge of the French, which Duhamel describes as being white, or clear yellow in the shade, having often prominent ribs round the eye, which extend down the sides, so as to render the shape angular ; a character at variance with that of the Barcelona Pearmain. But I have no doubt of it being the Reinette Rousse of the same author, which is described at page 302, vol. 1, as a variety of Reinette Franche, and which he says is of an elongated shape, skin marked with a great number of russety spots, the most part of which are of a longish figure, so much so, when it is ripe, it appears as if variegated with yellow and red ; a character in every way applicable to the Barcelona Pearmain. 18. BARTON'S INCOMPARABLE.— Hort. Identification. — Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 352 ? Fruit, below medium size ; in shape somewhat like a Golden Knob, ovate or conical, with pro- minent ribs on the sides, which terminate in five ridges round the eye. Skin, yellowish green, covered with patches of pale brown russet, thickly strewed with large russety freckles, like the Barcelona Pearmain, and tinged with orange next the sun. Eye, small, partially open, with reflexed segments, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, nearly three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, ten- dei', crisp, brittle, very juicy, and when eaten is quite a mouthful of lively, vinous juice. A dessert apple of the highest excellence, in use from October to February. The tree is a good and healthy grower, attains a considerable size, and is an excellent bearer. This variety seems to be but little known, and considering its excel- lence rarely cultivated. I am not aware that it exists in any of the nurseries, or that it was at any period extensively propagated. The only place where I ever met with it was, in the private garden of the late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith, whence I procured grafts from a tree in the last stage of decay. 32 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 19. BAXTER'S PEARMAIN.— Lind. Identification.— G. Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 67. Lind. Guide, 62. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 533. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; roundish-ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, pale green, but tinged with red, and marked with a few indistinct streaks of darker red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long spreading segments, and placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellowish, firm, brisk, and sugary, and with an abund- ance of pleasantly acid juice. An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the dessert j in use from November to March. The tree is hardy, vigorous, a most abundant bearer, and even in sea- sons when other varieties fail, this is almost safe to ensure a plentiful crop. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, and deserves to be more generally known in other districts of the country. 20. BEACHAMWELL.— Hort. Identification — Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 13. STNONYMES.^Beacham-well Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 42. Mottcnx's Seed- ling, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figures. — ^Pom. Mag. t. 82. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvii. f. 6. Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate, handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, greenish yellow, covered with patches and dots of russet, particularly round the eye. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow, narrow, and even basin. Stalk, about half an inch long, almost embedded in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish ■white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a rich, brisk, and sugary flavor. A rich and deliciously flavored dessert apple, of the highest excel- lence ; in use from December to March. The tree is perfectly hardy, a healthy and vigorous grower, but does not attain a large size ; it is an excellent bearer. This variety was raised by John Mottcux, Esq., of Beachamwell, in Norfolk, where, according to Mr. George Lindley, the original tree still existed in 1831. It is not very generally cultivated, but ought to form one even in the smallest collections. 21. BEAUTY OF KENT.— Fors. Identification. — Fors. Treat. 93. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. Down. Fr. Amer. 81. Synontme. — Kentish Pippin, of some. Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xc. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xv. f. I. Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and narrowing towards the apex, where it is terminated by several prominent angles. Skin, deep yellow slightly tinged with green, and marked with faint patches of red, on the shaded side ; but entii'ely covered with deep red, except where there are a few patches of deep yellow, on the side THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 33 next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, and set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which, with the base, is entirely covered with rough brown russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. A valuable and now well-known culinary apple, in use from October to February. When well grown the Beauty of Kent is perhaps the most magnificent apple in cultivation. Its great size, the beauty of its color- ing, the tenderness of the flesh, and profusion of delicate sub-acid juice, constitute it one of our most popular winter apples, for cidinary pur- poses, and one of the most desirable and useful, either for a small garden, or for more extended cultivation. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attains a large size, and is a good bearer ; but I have always found it subject to canker when grown on the paradise stock, and in soils which are moist and heavy. I have not been able to ascertain the time when, or the place where this variety originated. It is first noticed by Forsyth in his Treatise on Fruit Trees, but is not enumerated in any of the nurserymen's cata- logues, either of the last, or the early part of the present, century. It was introduced to the Brompton Park Nursery, about the year 1820, and is now as extensively cultivated as most other leading varieties. In America, Downing says, " the fruit in this climate is one of the most magnificent of all apples, frequently measuring sixteen or eighteen inches in circumference." D 34 BPJTISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 22. BEDFORDSHIRE FOUNDLING.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 42. Lind. Guide, 63. Down. Fr. Amer. 107. Synonyme. — Cambridge Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. FiGDUE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 2. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, with irregular and pro- minent angles on the sides, which extend to the apex, and form ridges round the eye. Skin, dark green at first, and changing, as it attains maturity, to pale greenish yellow on the shaded side ; but tinged with orange on the side next the sun, and strewed with a few fawn-colored dots. Eye, open, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, pleasantly sub-acid, and with a somewhat sugary flavor. An excellent culinary apple of ^rst-rate quality, in use from Novem- ber to March. 23. BELLE BONNE.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Guide, 63. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 43. Synontmes. — Winter Belle boon, Park. Par. 587. Winter Belle and Bonne, Eaii Hist. II, 1448. Winter Belle and Bon, Worl. Vin. 156. Rolland, Ace. Lind. Guide. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and three and a quarter high ; ovato-conical. Skin, thick, pale greenish yellow, and marked with a few redish streaks on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed. Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy lip. Flesh, firm, juicy, and well-flavored. A valuable culinary apple, in use from October to January. The tree is very hardy, a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a good bearer. This is a very old English variety. It was known to Parkinson so early as 1629, and also to Worlidge and Ray. But it is not noticed by any subsequent author, or enumerated in any of the nursery catalogues of the last century, until discovered by George Lindley, growing in a garden at Gatton, near Norwich, and published by him in the Trans- actions of the London Horticultural Society, vol. iv., p. 58. He seems to be uncertain whether it is the Summer, or Winter Belle Bonne of these early authors, but Worlidge's description leaves no doubt as to its iden- tity. He says " The Summer Belle et Bonne is a good bearer, but the fruit is not long lasting. The Winter Belle and Bon is much to be pre- ferred to the Simimer in every respect." I have no doubt, therefore, that the latter is the Belle Bonne of Lindley. Parkinson says " they are both fair fruit to look on, being yellow, and of a meane (medium) bignesse." 24. BELLEDGE PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 49. Synonymes. — BeUedge, Lhid. Guide, 36. Belledge Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 65. Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi., f. 4. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. o'O high ; roundish, narrowing a little towards the apex, regularly and hand- somely formed. Skin, pale green, changing to yellow as it ripens, with a tinge of brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with grey rus- sety dots. Eye, small, partially closed with short segments, and placed in a round, narrow, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, soft, brisk, sugary, and aromatic. An excellent, but not first-rate apple, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes. It is in use from November to March. 25. BELLE GRTDELINE.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Plan Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 36. Synonyme. — Belle Grisdeline, Fors. Treat. 93. Fruit, medium sized ; round, and regularly formed. Skin, clear yel- low, marbled and washed with clear red, and intermixed with thin grey russet next the sun. Eye, set in a deep, round basin. Stalk, slender, deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and briskly flavored. An excellent dessert apple, in season from December to March. The tree is healthy and vigorous, of the middle size, and an excellent bearer. This beautiful variety was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who found it growing in a small garden near Surrey Street Gates, Norwich, where it had originated about the year 1770. Mr. Lindley first propagated it in 1793, and the original tree died about seven years afterwards. 26. BENNET APPLE.— Knight. Identification and Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 2L Lind Guide, 103. Fruit, somewhat long, irregularly shaped, broad at the base, and nar- row at the apex, but sometimes broader at the middle than either of the extremities. A few obtuse angles terminate at the eye, which is small and nearly closed, with very short segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, and very slender. Skin, dingy colored russety grey in the shade ; and shaded on the sunny side with numerous streaks and patches of orange color and muddy red. The specific gravity of the juice is 1073. This is a good cider apple, and produces liquor of great excellence when mixed with other varieties. It is chiefly grown in the deep strong soils of the south-west part of Herefordshire, and is common in the dis= trict known as the Golden Vale, Knight says it was a very old variety, and was known previous to the 17th century, but I have not been able to find any record of it in the early works on Pomology. 27. BENWELL'S PEARMAIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 534. Lind. Guide, 64. Fruit, medium sized ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull green with D 2 36 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. broken stripes of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, deeply inserted in a round cavity, scarcely protruding beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, juicy, brisk, and aromatic. A dessert apple, in use from December to January. It received its name from a gentleman of the name of Benwell, of Henley-on-Thames, from whom it was received, and brought into culti- vation by Kirke, a nurseryman at Brompton. 28. BERE COURT PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 400. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n, 55. Lind, Guide, 10. Fruit, medium sized ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale green, and changing to yellow as it ripens, with stripes of red next the sun. Eye, open, placed in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, crisp, juicy, and briskly acid. An excellent culinary apple, in use during September and October. This variety was raised by the Rev. S. Breedon, D.D., of Bere Court, near Pangbourne, in Berkshire. 29. BESS POOL.— Ron. Identification. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. 46. ^YNONYME. — Best Pool, Fors. Treat. 94. riGUKE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. xxiii. f. 8. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and nearly three inches high ; conical, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yel- low, with a few markings of red on the shaded side ; but where exposed to the sun it is almost entirely washed and striped with fine clear red. Eye, small, and partially open, set in a rather deep and plaited basin, which is surrounded with five prominent knobs or ridges. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, with generally a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, and surrounded with yellowish brown russet, which extends over a considerable portion of the base. Flesh, white, tender, and juicy, with, a fine, sugary, and vinous flavor. An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use. It is in season from November to March, The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. The flowers are very late in expanding, and are, therefore, not liable to be injured by spring frosts. 30. BEST B AC HE.— Knight. Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 16. Lind. Guide, 194. Stnonyme. — Bache's Kernel, Ace. Pom. Heref. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend to the apex. Skin, yellow, shaded with pale red, and streaked THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 87 with darker red, interspersed with a few black specks. Eye, small, seg- ments short and flat. Stalk, short and stout. Specific gravity of the juice 1073. A cider apple, grown in the south-east part of Herefordshire. 31. BETSEY.— Hort. Ii>ENTiFiCATioN. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 57. Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; roundish, inclining to conical and flattened. Skin, dark green at first, and considerably covered with ashy grey russet ; but changing to pa'e yellow, and with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short reflexed segments, and set in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, about a quarter of an inch long, with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, and inserted in a shallow and narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, juicy, rich, and sugary. A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to January. 32. BIGGS'S NONESUCH.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. I. p. 70. Lind. Guide, 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 40. Stnontme. — Bigg's Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116. Figure. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. Ixxxviii., f. 3. Fruit, medium sized ; round, and broadest at the base. Skin, yellow, striped with bright crimson next the sun. Eye, open, with long reflexed segments, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in- serted. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy. An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to December. It is fit for use immediately it is gathered off the tree, and has a strong resem- blance to the old Nonesuch, but keeps much longer. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer ; attains to the medium size, and is less liable to the attacks of the Woolly Aphis than the old Nonesuch. This variety was raised by Mr. Arthur Biggs, the intelligent and scientific gardener to Isaac Swainson, Esq., of Twickenham, Middlesex. 33. BIRMINGHAM PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Lind. Guide, 38. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 59. Stnontmes. — Grumas's Pippin, Fors. Treat. 105. Brummage Pippin, and Grnm- mage Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Stone Pippin of the Nursery Catalogues. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale dingy yellow, mottled and veined with very thin grey russet, and russety round the base. Eye, small, quite open, frequently without any segments, and placed in a very slight depression. Stalk, short, scarcely at all depressed. Flesh, greenish, vei'y firm, crisp, and juicy, briskly and pleasantly flavored. A very good dessert apple : in use from January to June. 38 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC. It is remarkable for the firmness and density of its flesh, and Mr. Lindley says, its specific gravity is greater than that of any other apple with wliich he was acquainted. The tree is of diminutive size, with short but very stout shoots. It is a good bearer. This variety is supposed to be a native of Warwickshire. It is what is generally known in the nurseries, under the name of Stone Pippin, but the Gogar Pippin is also known by that name. 34. BLAND'S JUBILEE.— H. Synonymes. — Jubilee Pippin, Horl. Trans, vol. v., 400. Bland's Jubilee Rose Pip, Nursery Catalogues. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; round, narrowing a little towards the eye, and obscurely ribbed. Skin, dull yellow tinged with green, but changing to clear yellow as it ripens ; marked with russet in the basin of the eye, and strewed over its surface with large russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow, deep, and even basin, Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and perfumed. An excellent apple, either for culinary purposes, or the dessert. It is in use from October to January. This was raised by Michael Bland, Esq., of Norwich. The seed was sown, on the day of the jubilee which celebrated the 50th year of the feign of George III., in 1809, and the tree first produced fruit in 1818. It is not a variety which is met with in general cultivation, but deserves to be more extensively known. 35. BLENHEIM PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification.- — Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 70. Lind. Guide, 38. Down^Fr. Anicr. 81. Stnonymes. — Blenheim, Ace. Horl. Soc. Cat. Blenheim Orange, Ibid. Wood- stock Pippin, Ihid. Northwick Pippin, Ibid. Kempster's Pippin. FiGUKE.— Pom. Mag. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxi. f. 2. Fruit, large, the average size smaller than represented in the accom- panying figure, being generally three inches wide, and two and a half high ; globular, and somewhat flattened, broader at the base than the apex, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of dull red next the sun, and streaked with deeper red. Eye, large and open, with short stunted segments, placed in a round and rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, rather deeply inserted, and scarcely extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and plea- santly acid. A very valuable and highly esteemed apple, either for the dessert or culinary purposes, but, strictly speaking, more suitable for the latter. It is in use from November to February. I'llE APl'J.E. ITS VAiaKTIRS. 89 The common complaiiit agaiust the Blenheim Pippin is, that the tree is a bad bearer. This is undoubtedly the case when it is young, being of a strong and vigorous habit of growth, and forming a large and very beau- tiful standard ; but when it becomes a little aged, it bears regular and abundant crops. It may be made to produce much earlier, if grafted on the paradise stock, and grown either as an open dwarf, or an espalier. This valuable apple was first discovered at Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, and received its name from Blenheim, the seat of the Duke of Marl- borough, which is in the immediate neighbourhood. It is not noticed in any of the nursery catalogues of the last century, nor was it cultivated in the London nurseries till about the year 1818. The following interesting account of this favorite variety was recently communicated to the Gardener's Chronicle. " In a somewhat delapi- dated corner of the decaying borough of ancient Woodstock, within ten yards of the wall of Blenheim Park, stands all that remains of the original stump of that beautiful and justly celebrated apple, the Blen- heim Orange. It is now entirely dead, and rapidly falling to decay, being a mere shell about ten feet high, loose in the ground, and having a large hole in the centre ; till within the last three years, it occasionally sent up long, thin, wiry twigs, but this last sign of vitality has ceased, and what remains will soon be the portion of the woodlouse and the worm. Old Grimmett, the basket-maker, against the corner of whose garden-wall the venerable relict is supported, has sat looking on it from his workshop window, and while he wove the pliant osier, has meditated, for more than fifty successive summers, on the mutability of all sublu- nary substances, on juice, and core, and vegetable, as well as animal, 40 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. and flesh, and blood. He can remember the time when, fifty years ago, he was a boy, and the tree a fine, full-bearing stem, full of bud, and blossom, and fruit, and thousands thronged from all parts to gaze on its ruddy, ripening, orange burden ; then gardeners came in the spring-tide to select the much coveted scions, and to hear the tale of his horticul- tural child and sapling, from the lips of the son of the white-haired Kempster. But nearly a century has elapsed since Kempster fell, like a ripened fruit, and was gathered to his lathers. He lived in a narrow cottage garden in Old Woodstock, a plain, practical, laboring man ; and in the midst of his bees and flowers around him, and in his " glorious pride," in the midst of his little garden, he realized Virgil's dream of the old Corycian : — " Et regum equabat opes animis." The provincial name for this apple is still " Kemjjster' s Pippin,^^ a lasting monumental tribute, and inscription, to him who first planted the kernel from whence it sprang." 36. BOROVITSKY.— Hort. Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 74. Lind Guide, 3. Down. Fr, Amer. 70. Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 10. Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and about the same in width ; roundish and slightly angular. Skin, pale green strewed with silvery russet scales on the shaded side ; and colored with bright red, which is striped with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in a rather wide cavity. Flesh, white, firm, brisk, juicy, and sugary. An excellent early dessert apple, ripe in the middle of August. This was sent from the Taurida Gardens, near St. Petersburg, to the London Horticultural Society in 1824. 37. BORSDORFFER.— Knoop. Identification — Knoop. Pom. t. x. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 73. Down. Fr Amer. 99. SvNONYMES. — Porstorffer, Cord. Hist. Eeinette Batarde, Riv. et Muul. Met/i. 192. Borstorf, Knoop. Povi. 56. BorstorfF Hative, Ibid. 129. BorstorfF a long queue, Ibid. 129. Bursdotr, or Queen's Apple, Fom. Treat, ed. 3, 15, Red Borsdorf- fer, Willich Bom. Encyc. Borsdorff", Lind. Guide, 39. Postophe d'Hiver, Bon Jard. 1843. p. 512. Pomnie de procliaiu, ^cc. l>/e/. TsTerwoi.v^. Eeinette d'Alle- raague, Ibid. Blanche de Leipsic, Ace. Knoop. Pom. Eeinette de Misnie, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Grand Bohemian Borsdorfter, Ibid. Edler WinterborstorfFer, Diet. Kernobst. II. 80. Edel Wintcrborsdoifer, Ditt. Handb. I. 372. Witte Leipziger, Ace. Knoop. Pom. Maschanzker, Ace. Did Kernobst. Weiner Mas- ehanzkerl, Baum. Cat. 1850. Winter Borsdorfl'er, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Garret Pippin, Ibid. King, Ibid. King George, Ibid. King George the Third, Eon. Pyr. Mai. 26. Figures. — Knoop. Pom. t. x. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiii. f. 8. Fruit, below medium size ; roundish oblate, rather narrower at the apex than the base, handsomely and regularly formed, without ribs or other THE APPLE -ITS VARIETIES. 41 iuequalities. Skin, shining, pale waxen yellow in the shade, and bright deep red next the sun ; it is strewed with dots, which are yellowish on the sunny side, and brownish in the shade, and marked with veins and slight traces of delicate, yellowish - grey russet. Eye, large and open, with long reflexed segments, placed in a ra- ther deep, round, and pretty even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a narrow, even, and shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white with a yellowish tinge, crisp and delicate, brisk, juicy, and sugary, and with a rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from November to January. The tree is a free grower and very hardy, not subject to canker, and attains the largest size. It is very prolific when it has acquired its full growth, which, in good soil, it will do in fifteen or twenty years ; and even in a young state it is a good bearer. If grafted on the paradise stock it may be grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier. The bloom is very hardy, and withstands the night frosts of spring better than most other varieties. This, above all other apples, is the most highly esteemed in Germany. Diel calls it the Pride of the Germans. It is believed to have originated either at a village of Misnia, called Borsdorf, or at a place of the same name near Leipsic. According to Forsyth, it was such a favorite with Queen Charlotte, that she had a considerable quantity of them annually imported from Germany, for her own private use. It is one of the earliest recorded varieties of the continental authors, but does not seem to have been known in this country before the close of the last century. It was first grown in the Brompton Park Nursery in 1785. It is mentioned by Cordus, in 1561, as being cultivated in Misnia ; which circumstance has no doubt given rise to the S3aionyme " Reinette de Misnie ;" he also informs us it is highly esteemed for its sweet and generous flavor, and the pleasant perfume which it exhales. Wittichius, in his " Metho- dus Simplicium," attributes to it the power of dispelling epidemic fevers and madness ! 38. BOSSOM.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., 528. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 75. Lind. Guide, 64. Fruit, large and conical ; handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, pale greenish yellow, considerably covered with russet, and occasionally marked with bright red next the sun. Eye, set in a shallow and plaited 42 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, and with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple, though not of the first quality, in use during December and January. The flesh is said to assume a fine color when baked. 39. BOSTON RUSSET.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, a. 736. Down. Fr. Amer. 133. Synontmes. — Roxbury Russeting, Ken. Amer. Or. 53. Shippen's Russet, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Putman's Russet. Fruit, medium sized, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, somewhat flattened, narrowing towards the apex, and slightly angular. Skin, covered entirely with brownish yellow russet intermixed with green, and sometimes with a faint tinge of redish brown next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a round and rather shallow basin. Stalk, long, slender, and insqj'ted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, juicy, sugary, briskly, and richly flavored. A very valuable dessert apple, of the first quality, in season from January to April, and will even keep till June. It partakes much of the flavor of the Ribston Pippin, and, as a late winter dessert apple, is not to be surpassed. The tree is not large, but healthy, very hardy, and an immense bearer, and, when grafted on the paradise stock, is well suited for being grown either as a dwarf, or an espalier. This is an old American variety, and one of the few introduced to this country which attains perfection in our climate. It is extensively grown in the neighbourhood of Boston, U.S., both for home consumption and exportation, and realizes a considerable, and profitable return to the growers. 40. BOWYER'S RUSSET.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 38. Lind. Guide, 87. Synonyme. — Bowyer's Golden Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 121. Fruit, small, two inches high, and about two and a half broad at the base ; roundish-ovate. Skin, entirely covered with fine yellow colored russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a small and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, greenish white tinged with yellow, crisp, brisk, and aromatic. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use during September and October. The tree attains a good size, is an abundant bearer, very healthy, and not subject to canker. 41. BRABANT BELLEFLEUR.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 45. Down. Fr. Amer. 102. Synonymes.— Brabansche Bellefleur, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 55. Brabant, or Glory of Flanders, Rog. Fr. Cult. 46. Iron Apple, Ace. Run. Vyr. Mai. Kleine Bra- biinter Bellefleur, Did Kcrnobst. viii. 133. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. tab. xxxi. f. 3. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter THE AITLK. ITS VARIETIES. 43 liigh ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, or conical, ribbed on the sides, and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish yellow, changing to lemon yellow as it attains maturity, and striped with red next the sun. Eye, large and open, with long broad segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and wide cavity, which is lined with brown russet. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sugary, aromatic, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple of the finest quality, in use from Novem- ber to April. The tree is hardy, and though not strong, is a healthy grower, attain- ing the middle size, and an excellent bearer. This variety was forwarded to the gardens of the Loudon Horticul- tural Society by Messrs. Booth, of Hamburgh. 42. BRADDICK'S NONPAREIL.— Hort. Identification.— Ilort. Trans, vol. iii. 268. Lind. Guide, 87. Fors. Treat 118. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 46.5. Synonyjvie. — Ditton Nonpareil, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. t. xxiv. f. 3. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. t. 10, f. 3. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish and flattened, inclining to oblate. Skin, smooth, greenish yellow in the shade, and brownish red next the sun, russety round the eye, and partially co- vered, on the other portions of the surface, with patches of brown russet. Eye, set in a deep, round, and even basin. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted in a round and rather shal- low cavity. Flesh, yel- lowish, rich, sugary, and aromatic. One of the best winter dessert apples, in use from November to April, and by many considered more sweet, and tender, than the old Nonpareil. The tree is quite hardy, a slender grower, and never attains to a large size, but is a very excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for dwarfs, or for being grown as an espalier. This excellent variety was raised by John Braddick, Esq., of 'Thames Ditton. 43. BREEDON PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 268. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 85. Lind. Guide, 64. Rog. Fr. Cult. 82. Figure. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. pi. 10, f. 1. Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter 44 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. high ; roundish, and somewhat oblate, broader at the base than the apex, where it assumes somewhat of a four-sided shape. Skin, deep dull yel- low tinged with redish orange ; inclining to red on the side exposed to the sun, and marked with a few traces of delicate brown russet. Eye, open, with short ovate reflexed segments, which are frequently four in number, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch to three quarters long, inserted in a round and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, and with a rich, vinous, and brisk flavor, resembling that of a pine-apple. This is one of the best dessert apples ; it is in use during October and November. It bears some reseinblance to the Court of Wick, but is considerably richer in flavor than that variety. The tree is hardy ; a slender grower, and does not attain a large size ; it is, however, an excellent bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf train- ing, and succeeds well on the paradise stock. This esteemed variety was raised by the Rev. Dr. Symonds Breedon, at Bere Coui-t, near Pangbourne, Berkshire. 44. BRICKLEY SEEDLING.— Hort. Idkntification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 86. Lind. Guide, 39. Rog. Fr. Cult. 62. Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 124. Fruit, small, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; round- ish, and narrowing towards the apex. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, and red where exposed to the sun, with a few streaks of red where the two colors blend. Eye, small and open, set in a smooth, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. A very desirable winter dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use from January to April. The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer. 45. BRIDGEWATER PIPPIN.— Rea. Identification. — Rea. Pom. 210. Worl. Vin. 158. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 87. Fruit, large ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend to the basin of the eye. Skin, deep yellow, strewed with russety dots, and with a blush of red which sometimes as- sumes a lilac hue near the stalk. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a deep, wide, irregular, and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish, briskly, and pleasantly flavored, A good culinary apple of second-rate quality, in use from October to December. This is a very old English variety, being mentioned by Rea, in 1665, and of which, he tays, " it is beautiful to the eye, and pleasant to the palat." THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 45 46. BRINGEWOOD PIPPIN.— Ilort. Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 88. Lind. Guide, 40. Rog. Fr, Cult. 88. Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and an inch and three quar- ters high ; almost round, a good deal like a flattened Golden Pippin. Skin, of a fine rich yellow color, covered with greyish dots, russety round the eye, and marked with a few russety dots on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, with reffexed segments, and placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a moderately deep cavity, which is lined with greenish grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and sugary, with a rich and perfumed flavor. An excellent, though not a first-rate dessert apple, in use from January to March. Its only fault is the flesh being too dry. The tree is hardy, but a weak and slender grower, and never attains a great size. It succeeds well on the paradise stock. This is one of the varieties raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., of Downton Castle, Herefordshire, and which he obtained by impreg- nating the Golden Pippin, with the pollen of the Golden Harvey. 47. BRISTOL PEARMAIN.— H. Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height ; oblong, slightly angular on the side, and ridged round the eye. Skin, dull yellowish green, with a few pale stripes of crimson, and con- siderably covered with patches and dots of thin grey russet on the shaded side ; but marked with thin dull red, striped with deeper and brighter red, on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with numerous dark russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with erect, acute segments, set in a deep, round, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shal- low cavity, which is lined with thin brown russet, strewed with silvery scales. Flesh, yellow, firm, not very juicy, but briskly flavored. An apple of little merit, in use from October to February. The only place where I have ever met with this variety, is in the neighbourhood of Odiham, in Hampshire. 48. BROAD-END.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 89. SvNONYMES. — Winter Broading, Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 66. Lind. Guide, 57. Kentish Broading, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 47. Broading, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiv. f. 1. Fruit, large, three inches and three quarters broad, and three inches high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and considerably flattened at the ends, somewhat oblate. Skin, yellowish green in the shade, but tinged with red next the sun, interspersed with a few streaks of red, and covered in some places with patches of fine russet. Eye, large and open, set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, rich, juicy, and with a pleasant sub- acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from November to Christmas. The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 46 BRTTTSH rOMOLOGY, ETC. 49. BROAD-EYED PIPPIN.— Fors. Identification. — Fors. Treat. 9.5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 90. Fruit, large and oblate. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, and slightly tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, set in a wide and shallow basin. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, brisk, and juicy. An excellent culinary apple, of the first size and quality, in use from September to January, but said by Forsyth to keep till May. This is a very old English variety ; it is mentioned by Ray, who makes it synonymous with Kirton or Holland Pippin. 50. BROOKES'S.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 91. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 2. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin, yellow in the shade, but orange, thinly mottled with red next the sun, and considerably covered with thin, brown russet. Eye, open and pro- minent, with reflexed segments, and placed in a very shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, not very juicy, but with a rich, sweet, and highly aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from September to February. The tree is a slender grower, and never attains a great size, but is a good bearer. 51. BROUGHTON.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 92. Fruit, small, conical, and regularly formed. Skin, pale greenish yel- low in the shade, but covered with fine, delicate, lively red, which is marked with a few streaks of deeper red on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch long, in- serted in a round, and shal- low cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, delicate, brisk, sugary, and richly flavored. A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to December. 52. BROWN RENTING.— Hort. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. two inches and a half liigh ; roundish, and slightly ribbed on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow, marked with distinct and well defined figures, and reticulations of russet, like the Fenouillet Jaune, on the shaded side, and over the base ; but green, which is almost entirely covered with a coating of smooth, thin, pale brown russet, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, and shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender and woody, inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is of a green color, and very slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, and tender, with a brisk, somewhat sugary, and pleasant aromatic flavor. An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality, in use from October to Christmas, after which it becomes meally. 53. BURN'S SEEDLING.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 102. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrow- ing towards the apex, sometimes inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, but with a blush and a few streaks of red next the sun, marked with a few patches of russet, and sprinkled with russety dots, v/hich are thickest round the eye. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and irregular basin. Stalk, short, thick and fleshy, generally obliquely inserted by the side of a fleshy swelling, and surrounded with a patch of rough rus- set. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, and sub-acid. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from October to Christmas. This variety was raised by Mr. Henry Burn, gardener to the Marquis of Aylesbury, at Tottenham Park, near Marlborough. 54. BYSON WOOD RUSSET. Stnonyme. — Byson Wood, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 104. Fruit, below medium size ; oblato-ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, green, en- tirely covered with ashy grey russet, and strewed with greyish white freckles. Eye, small, and slightly closed, set in a round and even basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted in a rather shallow and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, sugary, and aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from December to February. 48 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 55. CALVILLE BLANCHE D'ETE.— Knoop. Identification.— Knoop Pom. 13. Chart. Cat. 56. Biel Kernobst. B. II. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 109. Synonymes.— White CalvUle, Ace. Hurt. Soc. Cat. Calville Blanc, Jard. Fran^. 106. Wahrer Weiszer Sommer Calville, Diei Kernobst. B. II. 7. Weisser Som- merkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. Figure. — Knoop Pom. t. 1. Fruit, medium sized, about three inches broad, and two inches high ; roundish and flattened at the ends, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend to the eye and form ridges round the apex — the true character of the Calvilles. Skin, tender and delicate ; when ripe, of a very pale straw color, and without the least tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun, but sometimes marked with a few traces of delicate russet, but no dots. Eye, large, and closed with long, broad, acuminate segments, and set in a pretty deep and very angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white, tender, and deli- cate, with a sweet and pleasant flavor. A very good early culinary apple, but not of the finest quality, being too soft and tender ; it is ripe during August, and lasts till the middle of September. The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, with a large round head, and is an excellent bearer. It is distinguished by its very large foliage, the leaves being A\ inches long by 3^ broad. This is an old continental variety, but has been very little noticed by writers on Pomology. It is mentioned in the Jardinier Fran9ais, of 1653, and by De Quintinye, but the first work in which it is either figured or described, is Knoop's Pomologie. Duhamel does not notice it, although it is enumerated in the catalogue of the Chartreuse, from whose garden he received the materials for producing his work on fruits. 5Q. CALVILLE BLANCHE D'HIVER.— Knoop. Identification. — Knoop Pom. 66. Duh. Arb. Fruit, I. 279. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 110. Synonyjiks. — Calville Blanche a Cotes, Merlet Ahrege, 134. Calville Acoute, Lanq. Pom. 134, t. Ixxviii. f. 1. Calleville Blanc, Schab. Prat. II. 88. Cal- ville Blanc, Bret. Ecole, II. 472. Calville Blanche, Chart. Cat. 51. Calville Tardive, Ace. Christ Handb. ed. 1, 381. Poninie de Framboise, Ibid. Ponime de Coin, Ibid. Pome de Fraise, Ibid. Rambour a Cotes Gros, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonnet Carre, Ace. Bon. Jard. Ponime Glace, Ibid. 1810, but erroneously. White Calville, Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Coze View. 136. White Autumn Calville, Aber. Diet. Winter White Calville, Fors. Treat. 96. Lind. Guide, 59. White Winter Calville, Down. Fr. Avier. 103. Fran- zosischer Quittenapfel, Zink. Pom. n. 89. Weiszer Himbeerapfel, Meyen Baumsch. 300. Weiszer Erdbcerenapfel, /feflwe ^«M'e«s, 130. Weiszer Winter- calville. Die! Kernobst. II. 12. Parisapfel, Ace. Christ Handb. Eckapfel, or I'^kke- ling, in Lower Saxony, Ace. Christ. Weisser Winterkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. Figure. — Knoop Pom. Tab. xi. Duh. Arb. Fr. vol. i., pi. ii. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 103. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and a quarter high ; roundish and flattened, with broad uneven and unequal TTTF APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 49 ribs, extending the whole lengtli of the fruit, and terminating at the apex in prominent unequal ridges. Skin, delicate pale yellow tinged with green, becoming bright golden yellow at maturity, washed with deep red on the side next the sun, and strewed with brown dots, and a few markings of greyish white russet. Eye, small and closed with stout and pointed segments, set in a deep, irregular, five-ribbed basin, which is surrounded with knobs. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and inserted the whole of its length in a deep and angular cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, delicate, and juicy, with a rich, lively, and agreeable aromatic flavor. A valuable winter apple, admirably adapted for all culinary purposes, and excellent also for the dessei't. It is in use from January to April. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but does not attain more than the middle size. It is rather liable to canker in damp situations, and is better suited for a dwarf than a standard ; if grown on the paradise stock the appearance of the fruit is very much improved. This variety is sometimes called Pomme Glace, which is, however, a distinct variety, known by the names of Rouge des Chartreux, and Pomme de Concombre ; it is a variety of Calville Blanche d'Hiver, the fruit is about the size of an egg, but twice as long. 57. CALVILLE MALINGRE.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 114. SvNONYMES. — Pomme de Malengre, Chart. Cat. 50. Cal. Traiti, iii. 40. Calville Normande, ace. Calvel Malengre d'Angleterre, Merlet Abrege, 137. Calville liouge de la Normandie, ace. Poit et Turp. Mains Aegra, Ibid. Normiinnische rothe Wintercalvillo, Ditt. Handb. iii. 3. FiGUKE. — Poit et Turp, pi. 41. Fruit, very large, elongated, and prominently ribbed like the Calville Blanche d'Hiver, but not so much flattened as that variety. Skin, a little yellow on the shaded side, and of a beautiful deep red next the sun, which is marked with stripes of darker red, strewed all over with minute dots. Eye, small, set in a broad, deep, and angular basin, which is surrounded with prominent knobs. Stalk, slender, deeply inserted in an angular cavity. Flesh, white, delicate, very juicy, and charged with an agreeable acid. A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from January to April, and " keeps well." According to the Chartreux Catalogue, " est bonne cuite pour les malades." The tree is a very vigorous grower, much more so than the generality of the Calvilles ; it is very hardy and an abundant bearer, and is better adapted for being cultivated as a dwarf than an espalier ; but it does not succeed well on the paradise stock. According to the French pomologists, this variety seems to have some connection with this country, but there is no evidence that it was at any period grown to any extent in England, or that it was ever known to any of our early pomologists. It is said by some that the name malingre is applied to this variety from the fruit becoming meally or unsound, but from the observation in the Chartreux Catalogue, it is more probable that it is so called from being useful to invalids. E 50 BRITISH POMOLOCxY. ETC. 58. CALVILLE ROUGE D'AUTOMNE.— Knoop. Identification. — Knoop Pom. 24. Bret. Ecole, ii. 471 . Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, p. 0. Bon. Jard. 1843, 512. Stnonymes. — Cfilville d'A.ntomne, Quint. Traite, i. 201. Mill. Diet. No. 6. Calle- ville d'Automne, Mertet Abrcge. Pomme Grelot, ace. Couver. Traite. Pomme Sonnette, ll>id. Herfst-Present, ace. Knoop. Geldcr's Present, Ibid. Rode Herfst-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Autumn Calville, Mill. Diet. No. 6. Autumn Red Calville, Fors. Treat. 96. Red Autumn Calville, Ken. Amer. Or. 38. Rothe Herbstcalville, Diel Kernobst. iii. 8. Rother Herbstkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. Figure. — Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Mayer. Pom. Franc, tab. xi. Sickler Obst- gart. ix. 205. t. 8. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter high ; not so much flattened as the other Calvilles. Skin, pale red, with a trace of yellow on the shaded side, but of a beautiful deep crim- son next the sun, and marked with yellowish dots on the shaded side. Eye, half open, set in a rather shallow, and ribbed basin, which is lined with fine down. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tinged with red under the skin, and very much so on the side which is exposed to the sun ; it is tender, delicate, and juicy, with a pleasant, vinous, and violet scented flavor. A culinary apple of inferior quality in this country, but highly esteemed on the Continent, both as a culinary and a dessert fruit. It is in season during October and November. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size. It is also an abundant bearer. To have the fruit in perfection it ought to be grown on the paradise stock as an open dwarf, in a fine sandy loam, and not too closely pruned. 59. CALVILLE ROUGE D'ETE.— Quint. Identification.— Quint. Traite. i. 201 Knoop Pom. 12. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 117. Henne Anweis. 101. Stnonymes. — Calville d'Ete, Bret. Ecole, ii. 470. Calleville d'Ete, Schab. Prat. ii. 89. Calleville d'Este, Merlet Abrege, 132. Madeleine, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. but not of Calvel. Calville, i?on Jard. 1810, 113. Fasse-Fomme, ace. Bon Jard. 1810. Grosse Pomme Magdeleine, Ibid. Calville Plane' Rouge d'Ete, ace. Christ Handb. Calville Royale d'Ete, Ibid. Cousinotte ou Calville d'Ete, in Normandy, Ibid. Grosse Rouge de Septembre, Ibid. Red Calville, Lind. Guide, 9. Rother Sommercalville, Diel Kernobst. iv. 6. Sommer Erdl)eeren- apfel, Henne Anweis. 101. Rother Rosmarinapfel, ace. Mayer. Rother Strich- erdbeerapfcl. Ibid. Rothe Sommer-Erdbeer-Apfel, Sickler Obstgdrt. ii. 20, t. 3. Rode Zomer-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. i. Figure. — Knoop Pom. tab. i. Sickler. Obstgart. ii. t. 3. Mayer Pom. Franc, tab. iv. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about the same high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and with prominent ribs on the sides like the other Calvilles. Skin, yellowish white, streaked and veined with red on the shaded side ; but covered with beautiful deep shining crimson, on the side next the sun, and strewed with numerous white dots. Eye, small and prominent, set in a narrow and v.rinkled basin. Stalk, from an inch to an inch and a half long, in- THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 51 serted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white tinged with red, crisp and tender, agreeably and pleasantly flavored. A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during July and August. The flesh is stained with red, particularly on the side next the sun, and partakes somewhat of the flavor of the strawberry. It is valued only for its earliness. The tree is of small habit of growth, but an excellent bearer. There is great confusion subsisting between this variety and the Passe-pomme Rouge, which Duhamel has described under the name of Calville d'Et^. 60. CALVILLE ROUGE D'HIVER.— Knoop. Identification. — Knoop Pom. 62. Christ Handb. ed. 1, n. 17. Hort. Sec Cat. ed. 3, n. 118. Stnonymes. — Calville Rouge, Duh.Arb. Fruit, i. 280. Calleville Rouge, Schab. Prat. ii. 88. Calville dit Sungmnole, Merlet Abrege. Calville Rouge Longue d'Hyver, Zink. Pom. n. 66. Calville Longue d'Hiver, ace. Christ. Handb. Calville Royale d'Hiver, Ibid. Rother Ekapfel, Ibid. Caillot Rosat, Ibid. Calville Rouge Cou- ronne'e, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Calville Sanguinole, ace. Knoop. Calville Rouge Dedans et Dehors, Ibid. Calville Mvjgquee, Ibid. Sanguinole, Ibid. Red Cal- ville, Lang. Pom. 134, tab. Ixxv. f. 3. Winter Red Calville, Lind. Guide, 85. Rode Wintcrcalville, Knoop. Pom. Tab. ix. Aechter rother Wintercalville, Diel Kernobst. iii. 1. Rothe Wintercalville, Sickler Obstgdrt, viii. 95, t. 6. Rother Winterquittenapfel, Walter, aec. Diel. Rother Winterkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. FiGDRE. — Knoop Pom. Tab. ix. Duh. Arb. Fr. i. Tab. iii. Poit. et Turp. pi, 87. Fruit, large, about three inches high, and the same in width ; oblong, but not nearly so much ribbed on the sides as the other Calvilles already described. Skin, covered with a bluish bloom, deep shining crimson on the side next the sun, but paler red on the shaded side, and strewed with numerous yellowish dots. Eye, large and closed, with long seg- ments set in a deep warted and wrinkled basin. Stalk, slender, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with thin brown russet. Flesh, greenish white stained with red, not very juicy, tender, vinous, and with a pleasant perfumed flavor. A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during November and December. The tree attains about the middle size, is vigorous and healthy in its young state, and is a good bearer. It is well adapted for growing as dwarfs on the paradise stock, and requires a rich and warm soil. 61. CALVILLE ROUGE DE MICOUD.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v., p. 242. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 119. Fruit, below medium size ; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, tough, and bitter tasted, red all over ; but of a deeper and darker color on the side next the sun, and streaked and spotted with paler red on the shaded side. Eye open, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, long, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish Avhite, tender and delicate, crisp, sweet, and perfumed. E 2 52 BlUTISH POMOLOGY, ETC. This curious apple has the extraoi'dinary property of producing three crops of fruit in one season. The first flowers appear at the usual time in April, the second in June, and then for a time it ceases to pro- duce any more till the month of August, when it again blooms during the whole of that month, September, October, and November, vmtil it is checked by the severity of the frosts. The first fruit is gener- ally ripe during August ; the second in October, which are about the size of a pigeon's egg, and quite as good as the first. And so on it con- tinues until retarded by the frosts ; but those last produced are rarely fit for use. This variety was first brought into notice by M. Thouin, of Paris, who says the tree originated on the farm of the Baroness de Micoud, near La Charite sur Loire, in the department of Nievre. 62. CARLISLE CODLIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Sec. Cat. ed. 3, n. 154. Figure.— Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 2. Fruit, above medium size ; ovate^flat at the base, irregular and angu- lar on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale yellow and strewed with a few russety specks. Eye, closed, set in a narrow, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in the cavity, which is lined with russet, a few lines of which extend over the base. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sugary flavor. A culinary apple of the first quality, in use from August to December. It is one of the most useful as well as one of the best culinary apples we have, being fit for use when no larger than a walnut, and after perfecting their growth continuing in perfection as late as Christmas. If blanched in warm water, w^hen used small, the outer rind slips off, and they may be baked whole ; their color is then a transparent green ; and their flavor is exquisite, resembling that of a green apricot. When it is about the size of a large nutmeg, it may be made into apple marmalade, or a dried sweetmeat, which rivals the finest Portugal plum. — M. C.H. S. The tree is very hardy, a free grower, and an abundant bearer. As it does not attain a great size, it may be grown more closely together than most other sorts. It is a dwarf variety of the old English Codlin. 63. CAROLINE.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Guide, 4L Hort. Trans. voL iv., p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 128. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish. Skin, fine rich deep yellow, streaked with broad patches of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, firm, brisk, juicy, and highly flavored. A culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to February. This variety was named in honor of Lady Caroline Suffield, the wife of Lord Suffield, of Blickling and Gunton Hall, Norfolk. — Lindleij. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 53 64. CATS HE AD.— Ray. Idkntification. — Rail Hist. ii. 1447, n. 8. Liad. Guide, 65. Down. Pr, ^Vmer. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 130. Synonyme. — Cat's Head, Fors. Treat. 97. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height ; oblong, nearly as broad at the apex as at the base, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and terminate in several knobs. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale green ; but with a brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, set in a large, angular, and rather deep basin. Stalk, short, and slender for the size of the fruit, inserted in a shallow and angular cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sweet» with a pleasant, acid, and slightly perfumed flavor. One of our oldest and best culinary apples ; it is in use from October to January, The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size, and though not an abundant bearer during the early period of its growth, it is much more productive as it becomes aged. In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits, and also in Lindley's Guide to the Orchard." This is made synonymous with the Costard of Ray, which is undoubtedly an error, the Costard being a distinct variety. The Catshead is one of our oldest varieties, and was always highly esteemed for its great size. Phillips, in his poem on Cyder, says — Why should we sing the Thrift, Codling or Pomroy, or of pimpled coat The Russet, or the Cat's-Head's weighty orb, Enormous in its growth, for various use Tho' these are meet, tho' after full repast. Are oft requir'd, and crown the rich dessert." In Ellis's " Modern Husbandman," he says the Catshead is, " a very useful apple to the farmer, because one of them pared and wrapped up in dough, serves with little trouble for making an apple-dumpling, so much in request with the Kentish farmer, for being part of a ready meal, that in the cheapest manner satiates the keen appetite of the hun- gry plowman, both at home and in the field, and, therefore, has now got into such reputation in Hertfordshire, and some other counties, that it is become the most common food with a piece of bacon or pickle-pork for families." 65. CELLINI.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 132. Fruit, rather above medium size ; roundish and flattened at both ends. Skin, rich deep yellow, with spots and patches of lively red on the shaded side ; and bright red streaked and mottled with dark crimson next the sun, with here and there a tinge of yellow breaking through. Eye, large and open, with short, acute, and reflexed segments, and set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a 54 BRITISH rOMOLOGY. ETC. funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. ^^ A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use during October and November. It is a fine, showy, and handsome apple, bearing a strong resemblance to the Nonesuch, from which in all probability it was raised. It originated with Mr. Leonard Phillips, of Vauxhall. 66. CHERRY«APPLE.— H. Stnonymes. — Siberian Crab of some. Kirschapfel, Porame Cerise, Diet Kemohsl. ix. 238. Fruit, very small, about three quarters of an inch broad, and the same in height ; oblato- oblong. Skin, thin, and shining, of a beautiful lemon color on the shaded side, but entirely covered with dark blood-red on the side exposed to the sun, and which extends towards the shaded side of a fine crimson. Stalk, very slender, an inch and a .half long, inserted in a small round cavity. Eye, small, without any seg- ments, and placed in a shallow basin. Flesh, yel- low, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a very pleasant and lively sub-acid flavor. A beautiful little apple, more resembling a cherry in its general appearance than an apple. It is ripe in October. The tree, when full grown, is from fifteen, to twenty feet high, and produces an abundance of THE AITLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 50 its beautiful fruit. It is perfectly hardy, and may be grown in almost any description of soil. It forms a beautiful object when grown as an ornamental tree on a lawn or in a shrubbery. 67. CHESTER PEARMAIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 30. Lind. Guide, 65. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. iv. B. 43. Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half high ; oblate, narrowing from the base to the crown. Skin, pale yellow, but pale red striped with crimson where exposed to the sun, and covered with large russety spots. Eye, small, and partially closed with broad segments, and set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, soft, and juicy, with a pleasant, sugary, and perfumed flavor. A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from October to Christmas. The tree is hardy, a free grower, a good bearer, and attains a consider- able size. It is said to be extensively cultivated in the neighbourhood of Chester. 68. CHRISTIE'S PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 10. Lind. Guide, 12. Rog. Fr. Cult. 84. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 3. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; oblate, without angles, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side ; but streaked and mottled with red next the sun, and speckled all over with large russety dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a round, even, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, not protruding beyond the margin, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, brisk, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored. A dessert apple of the first quality ; in use from December to February. The tree is an abundant bearer, but constitutionally weak, a delicate grower, and subject to canker and mildew. On the paradise stock it forms a beautiful, compact, and handsome little pyramid. It was raised by a Mr. Christie, at Kingston-on-Thames. 69. CLAYGATE PEARMAIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 402. Lind. Guide, 65. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 538. Down. Fr. Amer. 122. Fruit, medium sized ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull yellow mixed with green, and a thin coating of russet and numerous dots on the shaded side ; but marked with broken stripes of dark red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments set in a deep basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a smooth and rather deep 56 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, partaking of the flavor of the Ribston Pippin. A valuable and highly esteemed dessert apple of the first quality ; it comes into use in November, and will continue till March. The tree, though not a strong or vigorous grower, is hardy and healthy, attains the middle size, and is an abundant bearer. It succeeds well grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. Its shoots are slender and drooping. This excellent variety was discovered by John Braddick, Esq., grow- ing in a hedge near his residence at Claygate, a hamlet in the parish of Thames Ditton, in Surry, and by him widely and freely distributed. 70. CLARA PIPPIN.— Thomp. Identification. — Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 300. Fruit, small ; roundish-ovate. Skin, thick and membranous, orange in the shade, and brownish red next \he sun. Eye, small and closed, placed almost even with the surftvce, or set in a slight depression. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, orange, firm, rich, brisk, and sugary, A very valuable dessert apple of the first quality, remarkable for the deep orange color of its flesh. It is in use about December and will keep till May, It was raised by F. J. Graham, Esq,, of Cranford, and first noticed in the Gardeners Chronicle, April, 184S, 71, CLUSTER GOLDEN PIPPIN,— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 282. Diel Kernoljst. xi. 103. Synonymes. — Cluster Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Twin Custer Pippin, Ibid. Thicliset, Ibid. Cluster Apple, Z)/e/ iTernois^ xi. 103. Engiische Eiischelrei- nette, Ibid. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; round, and slightly flattened at the apex. Skin, smooth, yellowish green at first, but changing to yellow on the shaded side ; with an orange tinge next the sun, marked all over with veins and reticulations of pale, brown- ish grey russet, with large patches round the stalk and the eye. Eye, large and open, placed in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, in- serted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and tender, with a brisk, sugary, and perfumed flavor, A very good dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; in use from November to March. The fruit is produced in clusters, and it not un- frequently happens that two are found joined together. The tree is hardy, a small grower, and a good bearer, 72. COBHAM,— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 148. Lind. Guide, 13, Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and over two incites and three quarters high ; roundish and angular. Skin, lemon yellow tinged with green ; but with a few patches and pencilings of red next THE APPLE. ITS VAFJETIliS. 67 the sun, and covered with specks and patches of russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, sliort and slender, inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, firm, delicate, and juicy, with a brisk and sugary flavor. An excellent culinary apple, and not unworthy of the dessert ; it is in use from November to Christmas, and partakes of the Ribston Pippin flavor. The tree is hardy, vigorous, and an excellent bearer. The Cobham is so like a variety which is cultivated near Faversham, in Kent, under the name of Pope's apple, that there is some difficulty in distinguishing the one from the other. Further observation may prove them to be synonymous. — See Pope's Apple. 73. COCCAGEE.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 150. Lind. Guide, 102. Synonymes. — Cockagee, Furs. Treat. 97. Cocko Gee. Fruit, medium sized ; ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, interspersed with green specks. Eye, small and closed, set in a deep, uneven, and irregular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, soft, sharply acid, and austere. One of the oldest and best cider apples. Although it is perhaps the most harsh and austere apple known, and generally considered only fit for cider, still it is one of the best for all culinary purposes, especially for baking, as it possesses a particularly rich flavor when cooked. The name is said to be derived from Cocko- Gee signifying Goose- dung. In Langley's '' Pomona," it is said, " This fruit is originally from Ireland, and the cyder much valued in that country. zVbout six- teen or eighteen years since [1727] it was first brought over, and pro- moted about Minehead, in Somersetshire. Some gentlemen of that county have got enough of it now to make five, six, or eight hogsheads a year of the cyder ; and such as have to spare from their own tables, sell, I am told, from four to eight pounds a hogshead. The cyder is of the color of sherry (or rather of French white wine), and every whit as fine and clear. I have tasted of it from several orchards in Somerset- shire. It hath a more vinous taste than any cyder I ever drank, and as the sight might deceive a curious eye for wine, so I believe the taste might pass an incurious palate for the same liquor." 74. COCKLE PIPPIN.— Hort. Identificaxion. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 151. Lind. Guide, 66. Kog. Fr. Cult. 96. Synonymes. — Cockle's Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Nutmeg Piiipin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Nutmeg Cockle Pippin, Ibid. White Cockle Pippin, lOid. Brown Cockle Pippin, ace. Gard. Chron. 1846, 148. Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 9. Fruit, medium sized ; conical, and slightly angular on the sides. i8 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Skin, greenish yellow, changing as it ripens to deeper yellow, dotted with small grey dots, and covered all over the base with delicate pale brown russet. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in an irregular, and somewhat angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, rather slender, and obliquely insert- ed in a round and deep cavity, which is lined with rus- set. Flesh, yellowish, firm, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant aro- matic flavor. An excellent des- sert apple of the finest quality, in use from January to April. Tree healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer. This variety is extensively grown in Surry and Sussex. 75. COE'S GOLDEN DROP.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 274. Fruit, small, conical, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, green at first, but changing as it ripens to yellow, '^■ conical, distinctly five sided, with acute angles on the side, which termin- 134 J]!ilTiSH POMOLOCiY, ETC, ate at the crown in five prominent ridges. Skin, orange, streaked witli deep red, and covered on one side with patches of russet. Eye, small and closed, compressed as it were between the angles of the basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, and rather deeply inserted in a round, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a power- ful, and delicious aromatic flavor. One of the finest dessert apples, a rival of the Ribston Pippin, excelling it in juiciness, and being of a better size for the dessert ; it is in use from November to February. The tree is quite hardy, and generally an abundant bearer, except in seasons when the bloom is injured by frosts, to which it is liable. It is of a small, and slender habit of growth, and is well adapted for growing as dwarfs, or espaliers, when grafted on the paradise stock. There seems to be no record of this variety before the publication of the Pomona Londonensis, although it was known for many years previ- ously. Rogers says, he saw a tree of it growing as an espalier in the garden at Sheen, which was planted by Sir William Temple. I find it was cultivated to a considerable extent in the Brompton Park nursery, so early as 1 750 ; it must therefore have been well known at that period ; but I cannot discover any trace of its origin. It may have been intro- duced from the continent by George London who was for some years in the gardens at Versailles under De Quintinye, and afterwards in part- nership with Henry Wise as proprietor of the Brompton Park nursery, as the name seems to indicate more of French than English origin. 223. MARMALADE PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 429. Diel Kernobst. i. B. 23. Stnonymes. — Althorp Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 8. Welsh Pippin, ace. Bon. Pijr. Mai. Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 3. . Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; oblong, with a prominent rib on one side, and flattened at the apex, where it terminates in several prominences. Skin, very thick, hard, and membranous ; deep yellow, with a brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with numerous imbedded pearly specks. Eye, small and open, with long acuminate and reflexed segments, set in a deep, and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, firm and tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. A culinary apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is in use from October to January. The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer. This variety was introduced in 1818 — the year in which the original tree first produced fruit — by a Mr. Stevens of Stanton Grange, in Derby- shire, by whom it was raised from a seed of the Keswick Codling. The Marmalade Pippin of Diel which is described in the 22 vol. and which he says is an English apple, is not the same as the above, for he describes it as " a true streaked apple, and ripe in August ". THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 135 224. MARTIN NONPAREIL.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 4.56. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 475. Lind. Guide, 91. Rog. Fr. Cult. 68. Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 79. Fruit, below medium size ; ovate, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellow, sprinkled with yellowish-brown russet. Eye, large and open, set in an angular basin. Stalk, short and thick. Flesh, yellow, firm, rich, juicy and sugary. An excellent dessert apple, but equal to the old Nonpareil ; conse- quently can only be regarded as a second-rate variety ; it is in use from December to March. The tree is a vigorous grower, hardy and a good bearer. This apple was received from a nursery, as a crab stock, by the Rev. George Williams of Martin-Hussingtree, near Worcester, and after producing fruit, was communicated by him to the London Horticultural Society. 225. MELA CARLA.— Gallesio. Identification. — Gallesio Pom, Ital. vol. i. p. 1. Synonymes. — Male Carle, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 424. Down. Fr. Amer. 116. Malcarle, Lind. Guide, 52. Pomme Maleearle, Cal. Trnite. iii. 63. Mela di Carlo, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Pomme de Charles, Ibid. Pomme Carl, Ibid. Pomme Finale, Ibid. Charles Apple, ace. Hort. Trans, vol. vii. p. 259. Der Malacarle, Diet Kernobst. xxi. 35. Figures. — Galles. Pom. Ital. vol. i. t. 1. Hort. Trans, vol. vii. t. 7. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same in height ; roundish, inclining to ovate, narrowing a little towards the eye, but generally of an ovate shape. Skin, thin and tender, pale green at first, changing as it ripens to fine delicate waxen-yellow, on the shaded side ; but covered with fine dark crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a pretty wide, and deep basin, which is sometimes a little ribbed. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a small, and smooth cavity. Flesh, white with a greenish tinge, very delicate, juicy, and tender, with a sweet and vinous flavor, and a perfume like that of roses. A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is of the most exquisite flavor, but being indigenous to a warmer climate, it does not attain its full maturity in this country. By the aid of a south wall, in a warm and sheltered situation, it may however be brought to some degree of perfection. At Elvaston Castle, Mr. Barron has successfully cultivated it upon earthen mounds, with an inclination to the sun, of 45°. When in perfection, its flesh is said to be as melting as that of the Beurre, and Doyenne pears ; it is in use from December to March. The tree is a strong, and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. This apple is of Italian origin, and is extensively cultivated about Turin Its name is by some supposed to have been given in honor of Charle- magne, who is said to have held this fruit in high estimation. 136 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 226. MELROSE.— H. Synontme. — White Melrose, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed . 3, p. 25. Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, inclining to conical, and broad at the base ; it has an irregularity in its outline, caused by prominent ribs, which extend from about the middle, to the basin of the eye, where they form large and unequal ridges ; and also by several flattened "parts on the sides, giving it the appearance as if indented by a blow. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow tinged with green, on the shaded side ; but yellow tinged with orange, and marked with crimson spots and dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad flat segments, and deeply set in a plaited, and prominently ribbed basin. Stalk, very short, not more than a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a deep, irregular cavity, in which are a few streaks and patches of rough russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, but tender and marrow-like, with a sweet, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor. A very valuable and fine looking apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary purposes or the dessert ; it is in use from October to January. The tree is a strong, healthy, and \ igorous grower, and forms a large round head. It is also an abundant and free bearer. This is an old Scotch apple, the cultivation of which is confined ex- clusively to the Border counties, where it was probably first introduced by the monks of Melrose Abbey. Though it is one of the most popular apples of the Tweedside orchards, it docs not seem to have been ever knov n beyond its own district. It is without doubt the largest, and one of the THE APPLE. ITS VARJETIES. 137 most useful apples of which Scotland can boast, and requires only to be more generally known, to be cultivated throughout the length and breadth of that country. Even in the south it is not to be disregarded, as both in size, and quality, it is one of the most attractive market apples. I have known them sold at two shillings a dozen. The figure given above is only from a medium-sized specimen of the fruit, 227. MERE DE MENAGE.— Hort. Ideni'ification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 436. Fruit, very large ; conical. Skin, red, streaked with darker red all over, except a little on the shaded side where it is yellow. Eye, set in an angular basin. Stalk, very stout, inserted in a deep cavity, so much so as to be scarcely visible. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk and juicy. A valuable and very beautiful culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to January. 228. MINCHALL CRAB.— Fors. iDENTitJCATioN.—Fors. Treat. 115. Hort. Sue. Cat. ed. 3, n. 440. Liud. Guide, 54. Kog. Fr. Cult. 58. Synonymes.— Minshul Crab, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. I. 609. Mincham's Crab, Brook. Pom. Brit. Laricasbire Crab, Ibid. 536. Lancaster Crab, Ibid. 539. Figures.— Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 2. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 4. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin, yellow, covered with dark dots, and a few veins of russet ; russety over the base, and marked with a few broken stripes and mottles of pale crimson on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short, and ragged segments, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a rough, and sharp acid flavor. A culinary apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is in use from November to JIarch. The tree is very hardy, and is not subject to canker, or the attacks of insects. It is an abundant bearer. This apple is extensively grown in the southern parts of Lancashire, and is a great favorite in the Manchester market, and all the other manu- facturing towns of that district. It receives its name from the village of Minchall in Cheshire, where, according to Rogers, the original tree exist- ed in 1777. 229. MINIER'S DUMPLING.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. i. 70. Fors. Treat. 114. Lind. Guide, 54. Fruit, large, from three to three inches and a half wide, and nearly the same in height ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular on the sides. Skin, dark green, striped with darker green on the shaded side ; but covered witii dark red where exposed to the sun. Stalk, an inch long, 138 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. rather thick, ioserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sub- acid and pleasantly flavored. An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from Novem- ber to May. The tree is a strong grower, hardy, and an excellent bearer. 230. MITCHELSON'S SEEDLING.— H. Fruit, above the medium size ; somewhat ovate. Skin, of a fine deep yellow, thinly strewed with minute brown dots, interspersed with slight patches of very delicate russet ; but faintly mottled with clear red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted segments, and set in a rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round, and even cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with fine delicate grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, brisk, very juicy and vinous, abounding in a rich and agreeable perfume. A very excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the dessert ; it is in use from December to February. This beautiful apple, was raised by Mr. Mitchelson, a market gardener at Kingston-on-Thames. 231. MONKLAND PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 442. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; oval, even, and regularly formed, with five obscure ribs round the eye. Skin, green, be- coming yellow as it attains maturity, marked with imbedded green specks, and numerous very minute dots. Eye, half open, set in a round, and THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 139 plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and insert- ed in a round, narrow cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, greenish-white, soft and juicy, but with little or no flavor. An apple of which it is difficult to say to what use it is applicable, hav- ing nothing whatever to recommend it ; it is ripe in November. 232. MONKTON.— H. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches high ; oblate, slightly ribbed on the sides, and ridged round the eye. Skin, entirely covered with beautiful red, which is marked with spots, and broken stripes of deep crimson ; the color on the shaded side is paler than on the side exposed to the sun ; it is strewed all over with russety dots, and round the stalk, and in the basin of the eye it is of a clear waxen-yellow. Eye, small and open, with broad, erect segments, set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thick grey russet. Flesh, yel- lowish, tender, juicy, and brisk. A beautiful cider apple, raised at Monkton, near Taunton, in Somer- setshire. 233. MOORE'S SEEDLING.— H. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; conical and angular, flattened at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side ; and marked with broken streaks of red where exposed to the sun, interspersed with numerous large dark spots. Eye, small and open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a small, narrow cavity, and surrounded with a patch of russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, rather sweet and pleasantly flavored. A good culinary apple ; ripe in October, and keeps till December. 234. MORRIS'S COURT OF WICK.— H. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three quarters high ; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped, very closely resembling its parent, the old Court of Wick. Skin, pale green on the shaded side ; but washed with light red next the sun, which is covered with darker red spots, and marked with thin grey russet, round the eye. Eye, open, with reflexed segments, equally as characteristic as that of the old Court of Wick, and placed in a wide, shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, firm but tender, with a profusion of rich, vinous, and highly flavored juice. A delicious dessert apple, excelling even the old Court of Wick ; it is in use from October to February. This variety was raised some years ago, by Mr. Morris, a market gar- dener at Brentford, near London. 140 BRITISH I'OMOLOOY, ETC. 235. MORRIS'S NONPAREIL RUSSET.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 743? Stnonyme and Figuke. — Nonpareil Russet, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 25, pi. xiii. f. 3. Fruit, small ; conical and irregularly formed, being generally larger on one side than the other, and having the eye placed later- ally. Skin, green, covered with large patches of thin grey russet, strewed with silvery scales, and marked with p;reen dots. Eye, small and ujiea. with segments re- flexed at the tips, :aid set in a plaited basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted in an oblique cavity. Flesh, green- ish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, briskly flavored, and charged with a pleasant aroma. An excellent dessert apple, of the first quality ; in use from October to March, and will keep even as long as May and June. Can this be the same as the Morris's Nonpareil Russet, of the London Horticultural Society's catalogue, which is said to be oblate ? I know that the variety described above is the true one, the friend from whom I received it having procured it from Mr. Morris himself. This variety was raised by Mr. Morris of Brentford. 236. MORRIS'S RUSSET.— H. Fruit below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; round, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, covered with a coat of smooth, thin, brown russet, with occasionally a bright, fiery-crimson flame breaking out on the side next the sun, some- times so large as to form a fine, smooth, and varnished crimson cheek. Eye, large and open, set in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a rather small cavity. Flesh, firm, but tender, juicy, brisk and sugary, charged with a very rich, and powerful aromatic flavor. This is a dessert apple, of the highest excellence, and ought certainly to form one in every collection, however small ; it is in season from October to February. This, like the two preceeding varieties, was raised by Mr. Morris of Brentford. 237. NANNY.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 452. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide,^and two THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 141 inches and a half high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and some- what angular on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow with broken streaks of red, on the shaded side ; but bright red, streaked with dark crimson, on the side next the sun ; the whole strewed with russety dots. Eye, open, with flat segments, placed in an angular basin, which is mark- ed with linear marks of russet. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep, round cavity, thickly lined with rough russet, which extends in ramifica- tions over the base. Flesh, yellow, rather soft and tender, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored. A dessert apple of excellent quality, and when in perfection, a first-rate fruit ; it is in use during October, but soon becomes meally. The tree attains the middle size and is a good bearer, much more so than the Ribston Pippin, to which the fruit bears some resemblance in flavor. 238. DE NEIGE.— Hort. Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 454. Lind. Guide, 22. Down. Fr. Amer. 91. SvNONVMKS. — Fameuse, Fors. Treat. 101. Rog. Fr. Cult. 38. Sanguineus, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. La Fameuse, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 1. FrGURE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 2. Fruit, about the medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; roundish, sometimes oblate. Skin, tender, smooth and shining, of a beautiful pale waxen -yellow color, tinged with pale red, on the shaded side ; but covered with deeper red, on the side next the sun, Eye, small, half open, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half- an-inch long, inserted in a round, and pretty deep cavity. Flesh, pure white, very tender and delicate, sweet and pleasantly flavored. A very beautiful and handsome apple, but not of great merit It is suitable for dessert use, and is in perfection from November to January. The tree is of a small habit of growth, hardy, and bears well ; but in some soils it is liable to canker. This variety is supposed to be of Canadian origin, and was introduced to this country by a Mr. Barclay, of Brompton near London. This is not the Pomme de Neiffe of Diel. 239. NELSON CODLIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 162. SvNONYMES. — Nelson's Codlin, Lind. Guide, 32. Backhouse's Lord Nelson, Ro7i. Pyr. Mai. 49. Nelson, ace, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figure. — Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxv. f. 3. Fruit, large and handsome ; conical or oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow strewed with russety specks, on the shaded side ; but where exposed to the sun of a fine deep yellow, covered with rather large dark spots, which are encircled with a dark crimson ring. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a deep, plaited, and irregular basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a very deep, and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, delicate, tender, juicy and sugary. 142 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. A very excellent apple, of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also valuable for the dessert ; it is in use from September to January. This variety was discovered many years ago, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, where it is now cultivated to a large exent. It was first brought into notice by John Nelson, a noted Wesleyan preacher in that part of the country, who, during his professional visits distributed grafts of it among his friends. From this circumstance it became generally known by the name of the Nelson Apple. It was called Backhouse's Lord Nelson by Mr. Ronalds in the Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis, from having been re- ceived from the York nursery ; but Mr. Backhouse, to whom it refers, dis- claims having any merit either in the origin or introduction of it, and prefers retaining simply the name of " Nelson ", as a tribute to the memory of the excellent man after whom it was named. The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a most abundant bearer. 240. NEW ROCK PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. eel. 3, n. 460. Lind. Guide, 75. Fruit, of medium size ; round. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and brownish-red where exposed to the sun, entirely covered with brown russet. Eye, deeply set in a round basin. Stalk, short. Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, rich, and perfumed with the flavor of anise. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from January to May. THE APPLE. ITS VAKTETIES. ]4:3 This variety was raised by Mr. William Pleasance, a nurseryman at Barnwell, near Cambridge, and was communicated by him to the London Horticultural Society, in 1821. It belongs to the Nonpareil family, and is valuable as a late winter apple. 241. NEWTOWN PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 458. Liml. Guide, 54. Down. Fr. Amer. 118. Fors. Treat. 1 15. Rog. Fr. Cult. 95. Synontmes. — Large Yellow Newton Pippin, Core View, 142. American New- town Pippin, ace. Hort. Sue. Cat. Green Newtown Pippin, Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 1, 636. Large Newtown Pippin, Ibid. 638. Petersburgh Pippin, Ibid. 780. Green Winter Pippin, arc. Down. Fr. Amer. Newton Pippin, Aber. Diet. Neu- jorker Reinette, Diel. Kernobst. v. 152. FiGCKES.— Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvii. f. 1. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, broadest at the base, with broad ob- scure ribs extending to the apex, which give it an irregularity in its out- line. Skin, at first dull green, but changing as it ripens to a fine olive- green, or greenish-yellow, with a redish-brown tinge next the sun, and dotted all over with small grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a small and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, and inserted all its length, in a deep, round cavity lined with delicate russet, which extends over a portion of the base. FJesh, yellowish- white tinged with green, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a rich, and highly aromatic flavor. A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is not to be surpassed. It is in use from December to April. This description being taken from an imported specimen, it must not be expected that fruit grown in this country, will attain the same degree of perfection ; for like most of the best American apples, it does not succeed in this climate. Even with the protection of a wall, and in the most favorable situation, it does not possess that peculiarly rich aroma, which characterizes the imported fruit. The tree is a slender, and slow grower, and is always distinguished, even in its young state, by the roughness of its bark. It prefers a strong, rich, and genial soil, and, according to Coxe, does not arrive at maturity till 20 or 25 years old. This is an old American apple. It originated at Newtown, on Long Island, U. S., and was introduced to this country about the middle of the last century. I find it was cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery so early as 1768, under the name of " Newtown Pippin from New York." Forsyth remarks that it is said to have been originally from Devonshire, but if it were so, there would still have been some trace of it left in that county. It is extensively cultivated in New York, and all the middle states, and particularly on the Hudson, where the finest American orch- ards are. There are immense quantities produced which are packed in barrels and exported to Britain and other parts. The month of January, is generally the season they arrive in this country, and then they are the most attractive of all dessert apples in Covent Garden market ; the name serving in many instances, as a decoy for the sale of many other and in- ferior varieties. The Alfriston, in many collections, is erroneously culti- vated under the name of Newtown Pippin. 144 « BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 242. NEWTOWN SPITZENBERG.— Coxe. IDENTIFICATION. — Coxe, View. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 791. Lind. Guide, 55. Down. Fr. Amer. 139. SvNONYMES. — Matchless, Hurt. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. .397. Burlington Spitzenberg, ace. Coxe Cult 126. Engiis!. Spitzemberg, Ibid. Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 144. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. x. f. 3. Fruit, above medium size, three iuclies and a quarter wide, and two inches and a quarter deep ; roundish, regularly and handsomely formed, a little flattened, somewhat resembling a Nonesuch. Skiti, smooth, at first pale-yellow tinged with green, but changing to a beautiful clear yel- low, on the shaded side ; but of a beautiful clear red streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with numerous small, russety dots. Eye, open, set in a wide, and even basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich and pleasantly flavored. An American dessert apple, very pretty, and handsome ; of good quality, but only second-rate ; it is in use from November to February. This variety originated at Newtown on Long Island U. S. It received the name of Matchless, from the late William Cobbett, who sold it under that name 243. NEW YORK PIPPIN.— Lind. Identification.— Lind, Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 76. Fruit, rather large, of an oblong figure, somewhat pyramidal, rather irregular in its outline, and slightly pentangular on its sides, three of which are generally much shorter than the other, forming a kind of lip at the crown ; from two inches and a half to three inches deep, and the same in diameter at the base. Eye, closed, rather deeply sunk in a very uneven irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, rather deeplj' inserted in a wide uneven cavity. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with a few green specks, intermixed with a little skin, (thin ?) grey russet, and ting- ed with brown on the sunny side. Flesh, firm, crisp, tender. Juice, plentiful, saccharine, with a slight aromatic flavor. A dessert apple ; in use from November to April. An American variety of excellence. The tree grows large, and bears well It sometimes happens with this as it does with Hubbard's Pearmain, that smooth fruit grow upon one branch and russety ones upon another ; and in cold seasons the fruit are for the most part russety. It was named the New York Pippin by Mr. Mackie, and first propa- gated in his nursery, at Norwich, about forty years ago. (1831.) Never having seen or met with this apple, I have hei'e given Mr. Lindley's descriptions verbatim, for the benefit of those who may meet with it ; as it is no doubt still in existence in the county of Norfolk. 244. NONESUCH.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 489. Lind. Guide, 20. Synonymes.— Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116. Bog. Fr. Cult. 36. Doum. Fr. Amer. 91. Langton Nonsuch, Hanb. PL Figure. — Ron. Pyr. ]\Ial. pi. xxxvii. f. 2. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 145 a quarter high ; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, mottled with thin pale red, on the shaded side ; and striped with broad, broken stripes of red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, sugary and slightly perfumed. An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, and, according to Mr. Thompson, excellent for apple jelly ; it is ripe in September, and con- tinues during October. The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an abundant, and early bearer, young trees three years old from the graft producing an abundance of beautiful fruit. Although an old variety, I do not think this is the Nonesuch, of Rea, Worlidge, or Ray, as all these authors mention it as being a long keeper, for which circumstance, it might otherwise have been considered the same. Rea says " it is a middle sized, round, and red striped apple, of a delicate taste, and long lasting. " Worlidge's variety is probably the same as Rea's he says " The Non-such is a long lasting fruit, good at the table, and well marked for cider." And Ray also includes his Non-such among the Winter Apples. 245. NONPAREIL.— Duh. Identificatiok. — Dull. Arb. Fruit, i. 113, t. xii. f. 2. Switz. Fr. Gard. 136. Lang. Pom. 134. t. Ixxix. f. 4. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 117. Synonymes. — Old Nonpariel, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 476. Lind. Guide, 91. Doion. Fr. Amer. 120. Old or Original Nonpareil, Rog. Fr. Cult. 70. English Nonpareil, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Hunt's Nonpai'eil, Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 659. Lovedon's Pippin, Ibid. 573. Reinette Nonpareil. Knoop. Pom. 51, t. ix. Nonpareil d'Angleterre, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 647. Due d'Arsel, Ibid. 283. Griine Reinette, Sickler. Obstgdrt. iii. 177, t. 10. Diel Kernobst. v. 95. Nomparcil, Chart. Cat. 54. Pomme-poire, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 86. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiv. f. 5. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, broad at the base and narrowing to- wards the apex. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of thin grey russet, and dotted with small brown russety dots, with occasion- ally a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, rather prominent, very slightly if at all depressed, half open, with broad segments which are reflexed at the tips. Stalk, an inch long, set in a round and pretty deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish, delicate, crisp, rich, and juicy, abounding in a particularly rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor. One of the most highly esteemed and popular of all our dessert apples. It is in use from January till May. The tree is a free grower, and healthy, scarcely attaining the middle size, and an excellent bearer. It prefers a light and warm soil, succeeds well on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for growing in pots, when grafted on the pomme paradis of the French. Bradley in one of his tracts I'ecords an instance of it being so cultivated. " Mr. Fairchild (of Hoxton) has now (February) one of the Nonpareile apples upon a small tree, in a pot, which seems capable of holding good till the blossoms of this year L 146 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. have ripened their fruit." In the northern counties and in Scotland, it does not succeed as a standard as it does in the south, and even vi^hen grown against a vi^all, there is a marked contrast in the flavor when com- pared with the standard grown fruit of the south. It is generally allowed that the Nonpareil is originally from France. Switzer says " It is no stranger in England ; though it might have its original from France, yet there are trees of them about the Ashtons in Oxfordshire, of about a hundred years old, which (as they have it by tra- dition) was first brought out of France and planted by a Jesuit in Queen Mary or Queen Elizabeth's time." It is strange, however, that an apple of such excellence, and held in such estimation as the Nonpareil has always been, should have received so little notice from almost all the early con- tinental pomologists. It is not mentioned in the long list of the Jardinier Francois of 1653, nor even by De Quintinye, or the Jar- dinier Solitaire. Scha- bol enumerates it, but it is not noticed by Bretonnerie. It is first described by Du- hamel and subse- quently by Knoop. In the Chartreux cata- logue it is said " elle est forte estimee en Angleterre", but, among the writers of our own country, Swit- zer is the first to notice it. It is not mentioned by Rea, Worlidge or Ray, neither is it enumer- ated in the list of Leonard Meager. In America it is little esteemed. 246. NORFOLK BEEFING.— H. Stnonymes. — Norfolk Beaufin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 34. Lind. Guide, 55. Down. Fr. Amer. 120. Norfolk Beau-fin, Rog. Ft: Cult. 59. Norfolk Becfin, Fors. Treat, ed. 3, 124. Reeds Baker, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 858. Catshead Beaufin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 3. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 3. Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; oblate, irregular in its outline, caused by several obtuse angles or ribs, which extend from the base to the basin of the eye, where they form prominent knobs or ridges. Skin, smooth, green at first, but changing to yellow, and almost entirely covered with dull brownish-red, which is thickest and darkest next the sun ; sometimes it is marked with a few broken stripes of dark crimson, and in specimens where the color extends over the whole surface, the shaded side is mottled with yellow THE Al'PLE. ITS VARIETIES. J 47 spots. Eye, open, set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, firm and crisp, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. A well known and first-riite culinary apple ; it is in use from January to June. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, where, besides being applied to general culinary purposes, they are baked in ovens, and form the dried fruits met with among confectioners and fruiterers, called " Norfolk Biffins." The tree is vigorous in its young state, but unless grown in a rich soil, and a favorable situation, it is apt to canker, particularly if it is too moist. The name of this apple has hitherto been written Beaufin, as if of French origin ; but it is more correctly Beefing, from the similarity the dried fruit presents to raw beef. 247. NORFOLK PARADISE.— Fors. Identification.— Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 77. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figure. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 4. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, irregularly formed. Eye, very large, deeply sunk in an uneven, oblique hollow. Stalk, rather short, not deeply inserted. Skin, greenish-yellow ; on the sunny side of a brownish-red, streaked with a darker color. Flesh, white, very firm. Juice, abund- ant and of a very excellent flavor. A dessert apple ; in use from October till March. Its name seems to indicate a Norfolk origin ; but I never could find it in any part of the county. — Lindley. 248. NORFOLK STONE PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 804. Stnonymes. — Stone Pippin, Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 82. Diel Kernobst. xi. 119. White Stone Pippin, Hort. Sue. Cat. ed. 1, 1071. White Pippin, in Norfolk. Englischcr Kleiner Steinpepping, Diel Kernohst. xi. 119. Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, and the same in height ; oblong, slightly angular on the sides, and narrowing a little towards the apex. Skin, smooth and very thin, pale green at first, but changing by keeping to pale yellow with a mixture of green ; sometimes it has a slight tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small, half open, with acuminate seg- ments, set in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, slender, half-an- inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, white, firm and breaking, brisk, sweet, and perfumed. An excellent long-keeping culinary apple, and useful also in the des- sert ; it is in use from November to July. In the " Guide to the Orch- ard," Mr. Lindley says " This is a valuable Norfolk Apple known in the Norwich market by the name of White Pippin. The fruit when peeled, sliced, and boiled in sugar, becomes transparent, affording for many months a most delicious sweetmeat for tarts." The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and attains the middle size. It is a regular and abundant bearer. 148 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 249. NORTHERN GREENING.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 497. Fors, Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 77. Diel Kernobst. xi. 83. Stnontmes. — Walmer Court, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 1134. Cowarne Queening, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 49. John, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxv. f. 4. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about three inches high ; roundish, inclining to ovate, being narrowed towards the eye. Skin, smooth and tender, of a beautiful grassy green in the shade, and dull brownish-red marked with a few broken stripes of a darker color, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with long segments, set in a narrow, round, deep, and even basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk and somewhat vinous flavor. An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to April, The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, attaining the largest size, and is an abundant bearer. This is sometimes called Cowarne Queening, but that is a very differ- ent variety, and is a cider apple, 250. NOTTINGHAM PIPPIN.— H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a half high ; ovate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow at first, but changing by keeping to lemon yellow, without any trace of red, but with slight markings of russet. Eye, closed, with long green segments, set in a wide and rather deeply plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, white, fine and marrowy, juicy, sugary, and vinous. A second-rate dessert apple ; in use from November till February. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 251. ORD'S APPLE.— Hort, Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 28.5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 507. Lind. Guide, 77. Synontme. — Simpson's Pippin, ace. Hort. Trans. FiGDKE, — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. t. 19. Fruit, medium sized ; conical or oblong, very irregular in its outline, caused by prominent and unequal ribs on the sides, which extend to and terminate in ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth and shining, deep grassy green, strewed with imbedded grey specks, and dotted with brown russety dots on the shaded side ; but washed with thin brownish-red, which is marked with spots or patches of darker and livelier red, and strew- ed with star-like freckles of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed in a rather deep and angular basin, which is THE APPLE -ITS VARIETIES. 149 lined with linear marks of rough russet. Stalk, about half-aa-inch long, somewhat oblique- ly inserted by the side of a fleshy swelling, which is more or less pro- minent. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, and brittle, abounding in a profusion of rich, brisk, sugary, and vinous juice, with a finely per- fumed and refresh- ing flavor. An excellent ap- ple, of first-rate quality, and well deserving of more general cultiva- tion ; It is in use from January to May, and keeps well. Some thirty years ago, Ord's apple was brought into public notice as a variety which was worthy of universal cultivation ; and was considered of such importance as to form the subject of a paper in the Horticultural Society's Transactions, by A. Salisbury Esq. At that time it was receiv- ed into all the collections in the London nurseries, and was very gener- ally grown ; but in the course of years it was again lost sight of, and I believe there are now very few places where it is to be met with. I shall be glad, however, if this notice should direct the attention of some lover of a good apple, to rescue this excellent variety from the oblivion into which it is likely to fall, and to restore it to the position it ouce occupied as one of our finest dessert apples. This excellent variety originated at Purser's Cross, near Fulhara, Middlesex. It was raised in the garden of John Ord, Esq. by his sister- in-law, Mrs. Anne Simpson, from seed of a Newtown Pippin imported in 1777. There is another variety called Simpson's Seedling, raised from the seed of Ord's apple, to which it is very similar ; but being much in- ferior in quality, its cultivation has been in a great measure discontinued. 252. OSLIN.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 511. Fors. Treat. 119. Lind. Guide, 5. Down. Fr. Amer, 75. Gard. Chron. 1845, 784. Rog. Fr. Cult. 33. Synonymes.— White Oslin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 2. Scotch OsHn. Orglon, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 353. Orgeline or Orjeline, Fors. Treat, ed. 5, 119. Arbroath Pippin, ace. Fors. Treat, ed. 7. Original Pippin, Nicol Villa Gard. 28. Mother Apple, ace. Caled. Hort. Mem. i. 237. Golden Apple, Ibid. 238. Bur-Knot, Ibid. Summer Oslin, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 11. Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 2, 150 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; roundish-oblate, evenly and regularly formed. Skin, thick and membran- ous, of a fine pale yellow color, and thickly strewed with brown dots ; very frequently cracked, forming large and deep sinuosities on the fruit. Eye, scarcely at all depressed. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a very shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp and juicy, rich and sugary, with a highly aromatic flavor, which is peculiar to this apple only. A dessert apple of the highest excellence ; ripe in the end of August, and continues during September, but does not last long. Nicol says " this is an excellent apple, as to flavor it is outdone by none but the Nonpareil, over which it has this advantage, that it will ripen in a worse climate and a worse aspect." The tree is a free grower, of an upright habit, and an excellent bearer ; but is subject to canker as it grows old. The branches are generally covered with a number of knobs or burrs ; and when planted in the ground these burrs throw out numerous fibres which take root and produce a per- fect tree. This is a very old Scotch apple, supposed to have originated at Ar- broath ; or to have been introduced from France by the monks of the Abbey which formerly existed at that place. The latter opinion is, in all probability, the correct one, although the name, or any of the synonymes quoted above are not now to be met with in any modern French lists. But in the " Jardinier Franrois " which was published in 1651, I find an apple mentioned under the name of Orgeran, which is so similar in pronounciation to Orgeline, I think it not unlikely it may be the same name with a change of orthography, especially as our ancestors were not over particular, in preserving unaltered the names of foreign intro- ductions. 253. OSTERLEY PIPPIN.— H. SyNONVME AND FiGL'KE. — Ostevlcj' Apple, Eon. Pyr. Mai. bS), pi. xxx. f. 1, Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; oi-bicular, flattened at the base and apex. Skin, yellowish -green, strewed with thin russet and russety dots on the shaded side ; but washed with thin red, and strewed with russety specks on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted seg- ments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, and rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, rich, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and aromatic flavor, somewhat resembling, and little inferior to the Rib- ston Pippin, A handsome and very excellent dessert apple ; it is in use from Octo- ber to February, and is not subject to be attacked with the grub, as the Ribston Pippin is. This variety Avas raised from the seed of the Ribston Pippin, at Osterley Park, the seat of the Earl of Jersey, near Isleworth, Middlesex, where the original tree is still in existence. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. lol 254. OXNEAD PEARMAIN.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Guide, 78. Synonyme. — Earl of Yarmouth's Pearmain, Lind. PL Or. 1796. Fruit, small and conical. Skin, entirely grass green, always covered with a thin russet ; sometimes when highly ripened it is tinged with a very pale brown on the sunny side. Eye, very small, surrounded with a few obscure plaits. Stalk, very slender, three quarters of an inch long. Flesh, pale green, very firm and crisp, not juicy, but very rich and highly flavored. A dessert apple ; in use from November to April. I have never seen this apple. It was first noticed by Mr. George Lindley whose description of it I have given above. He says " it is sup- posed to have originated at Oxnead, near Norwich, the seat of the Earl of Yarmouth. It has been known many years in Norfolk, no doubt prior to the extinction of that Peerage in 1733, and I have never seen it out of the county. The tree is a very small grower ; its branches are small and wiry and of a grass green color ; it is very hardy and an excellent bearer." 255. PADLEY'S PIPPIN.— Fors. Identification. — Fors. Treat. 119. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 516. Lind. Guide, 21. Gard. Gliron. 1847, 36. Rog. Fr. Cult. 83. Synonymes. — Compote, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Padley's Royal George Pippin, Roti. Pyr. Mai. 32. Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 151. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi. f. 5. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and a half high ; roundish- oblate. Skin, pale greenish-yellow rather thickly covered with thin grey russet, and faintly tinged with orange next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, juicy, sugary, brisk and richly aromatic. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use during December and January. The tree is of small dimensions, but healthy, and a prolific bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf training, when grown on the paradise or doucin stock. This variety was raised by Mr. Padley, gardener to his Majesty George III., at Hampton Court. According to Rogers, Mr. Padley was a native of Yorkshire, and after coming to London and filling a situation of re- spectability, he was appointed foreman in the kitchen garden at Kew. " On the death of the celebrated ' Capability Brown ' Mr. G. Haverfield was removed from Kew to Hampton Court, and took Mr. Padley with him as foreman. On the death of Haverfield, Padley's interest with his sover- eign out-weighed all the interests of other candidates, though urged by the most influential persons about Court. ' No, no, no, ' said his Majesty, ' it is Padley's birthright.' " 152 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC. 256. PARRY'S PEARMAIN.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. .554. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 41. Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 3. Fruit, small ; oval, and regular in its shape. Skin, almost entirely covered with dark dull red, and striped with brighter red, except a portion on the shaded side, which is green; the whole surface is thickly strewed with small russetj^ dots, which give it a speckled appearance. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, sometimes short andfleshy as represented in the accompany- ing figure ; and at other times, about half-an-inch long, and woody, but still retaining the swollen boss at its union with the fruit. Flesh, firm in texture, crisp, very juicy and pleasantly acid, with a sweet, brisk, and poignant flavor. A nice sharp-flavoi'ed dessert apple ; but considered only of second- rate quality ; it is in use from December to March. 257. PATCFFS RUSSET— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. eJ. 3, n. 747. Lind. Guide, 92. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; oval, and slightly angular on its sides. Skin, green- ish-yellow, entirely covered with thin grey russet. Eye, small, with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow and irregular basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slender, inserted in a round, even, and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, cris^D, brisk and aromatic. A good dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use during November and December. 258. PASSE POMME D'AUTOMNE.— Duh. Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. i. 278. Dahuron. Traite. 115. Chart. Cat. 50. Rog. Fr. Cult. 39. Synonymes. — Passe Ponime Rouge d'Autoiiine, Diel. Kemobst ii. 50. Ge'ncrale, ace. Duhamel. Poninie d'Outre passe, Ibid. Passe Pomme Cotellee, Merlet. Abreye. Heibststrich Apfel, Mayer. Pom. Franc. Tab. iii. f. 3. Rother Herbst- stricliapfel, Diel Kemobst. ii. 50. Figures. — Mayer. Pom. Franc, t. iii. f. 3. Sicklcr Obstgart. xv. t. 7. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; round and slightly flattened, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye. Skin, pale straw-colored, almost white, with a few stripes of red on the shaded side ; but entirely THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 153 covered with beautiful crimson, which is striped with darker crimson, and strewed with small grey dots where exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, set in a rather shallow and ribbed basin. Stalk, fleshy, set in a wide and deep cavity. Flesh, very white, tinged with red, more so than the Passe Pomme Rouge, tender, juicy, rich, sugary and vinous. An excellent autumn culinary apple ; ripe in September. The tree is vigorous and healthy, but does not attain a large size. It is a very abundant bearer, and well suited for dwarf training when grown on the paradise or doucin stock. Dahuron says of this apple " on la nomme en Hollande Pomme de Jerusalem ; " but according to Knoop, the Dutch pomologist, it is the Pigeon, which is known under that name. 259. PASSE POMME ROUGE.— Duh. Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit,!. 277. Dahuron Traits 114. Bret. Ecole, ii. 470. Bon. Jard. Chart. Cat. 49. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32. Synonymes. — Bother August- Apfel, Henne Anweis, 150. Rothe Sommerpass- pomni, Christ Handworter, 68. Rothe Kurzdauerende Apfel, Ibid, Figure. — Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 92. Fruit, small ; roundish-oblate, even and regularly formed. Skin, thick, red all over, pale on the shaded side, but of a deep and bright color next the sun ; and so sensitive of shade, if any portion of it is covered with a leaf or twig, a corresponding yellow mark will be found on the fruit. Eye, small, set in a narrow, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an- inch long, slender, set in a wide, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, white, tinged with red under the skin on the side exposed to the sun, crisp, juicy, and richly flavored when first gathered, but soon becomes dry and woolly. An excellent early apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or dessert use ; it is ripe in the beginning of August, but may be used in pies before then. Bretonnerie says it may be used " en compote " in the beginning of July, and is preferable to the Calville Rouge d'Ete. The tree is rather a delicate grower, never attaining a large size, but healthy and hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise or doucin stock. 260. PAWSAN.— Knight. Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 15. Lind. Guide, 109. Fruit, above the middle size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; pretty round, without angles, but some- times it is oval. Crown, but little hollow. Eye, small, with short re- flexed segments of the calyx. Skin, dull muddy olive-green, a good deal reticulated with fine network. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, causing the fruit to be pendant. Specific gravity of the juice, 1076. Many trees of the Pawsan are found in the south-east, or Ryland district of Herefordshire, which have apparently stood more than a century. Its 154 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC. pulp is exceedingly rich and yellow, and in some seasons it affords cider of the finest quality. Its name cannot be traced to any probable source. 261. PEARSON'S PLATE.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 565. Down. Fr. Amer. 126. Fruit, small ; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly and handsomely formed. Skin, smooth, greenish- yellow in the shade ; but washed with red, and streaked with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a rich, and brisk sugary flavor, somewhat resembling the Nonpareil. A most delicious little dessert apple of the first quality ; it is in use from December to March. In some specimens of the fruit there is no red color, but altogether green, and covered with thin brown russet. 262. PENNINGTON'S SEEDLING.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 571. Lind. Guide, 93. Down. Fr. Amer. 127. Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three quar- ters deep ; oblato-ovate. Skin, green at first, changing to yellowish-green, and covered with large russety spots on the shaded side ; but with rough brown russet and a tinge of brown on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, with long and narrow segments, set in a round, shallow, and undulating basin. Stalk, an inch long, stout, and straight, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary and brisk ; with an excellent aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the highest excellence, either as a dessert or a culinary fruit ; it is in use from November to March. 263. PETIT JEAN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 581. Lind. Guide, 79. Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 525. Fruit, small ; oval, and flattened at the ends. Skin, almost entirely covered with brilliant red ; but where shaded, it is pale yellow marked with a few stripes of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow basin. Stalk, very short, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, very white and tender, with a mild and agreeable flavor. THE APrLE. ITS VARIETIES. 155 By some considered as a dessert apple ; but of inferior quality. Mr. Thompson thinks it may, perhaps, do for cider ; it is in use from Novem- ber to March. The tree is a very abundant bearer. This is a Jersey apple, and has for a long period been cultivated in the orchards of that Island. It was transmitted to the gardens of the London Horticultural Society, by Major General Le Couteur, of Jersey, in the year 1822. 264. PETWORTH NONPAREIL.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 477. Salisb. Orch. 134. Synonyme and FiGUiiE. — Green Nonpareil, Jion. Pyr. Mai. 67, pi. xxxiv. f. 4. This variety very closely resembles the old Nonpareil ; but is rather larger ; and though it possesses the flavor of the old variety, it is not nearly so rich. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer. It was raised at Petworth, in Sussex, at the seat of Lord Egremont. 265. PIGEON.— Knoop. Identification. — Knoop. Pom, 62, tab. xi. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 306, t. xii. f. 3. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 582. Synonymes. — Jcrnsalem, Quint. Inst. i. 201. Lang. Pom. 134. t. Ixxvi. f. 4. Coeur de Pigeon, ace Duliamel. Pigeon Rouge, Did. Kernobst. iii. 58. Gros Coeiar de Pigeon, Filass. Tab. Passe-Pomnie, ace. Knoop. Duif Apfel, Knoop. Rotlier Taubenapfel, Mayer. Pom. Franc. No. 28, tab. xviii. Rothe Tauben- apfel, Sickler. ObstgSrt. v. 323. t. 16. Arabian Apple, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figures. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pi. 98. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 1. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; conical and angular. Skin, membranous, shining, pale yellow with a greenish tinge, which it loses as it attains maturity ; but covered with fine clear red on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots and imbedded white specks ; the whole surface is covered with a bluish bloom, from which circumstance it receives the name of Pigeon, being considered similar to the plumage of a dove. Eye, open, with erect segments, prominently set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, soft and juicy, pleasantly flavored, but not at all rich. A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; but excellent for all culinary purposes ; it is in use from November to January. It is necessary in stor- ing this apple that care should be taken to prevent fermentation, by which its pleasant acidity is destroyed. The tree, though vigorous in its young state, never attains a great size. Its shoots are long, slender and downy. It is an abundant and regular bearer. This apple is called Pomme de Jerusalem, from, as some fancy, the core having four cells, which are disposed in the form of a cross, but this is not a permanent character, as they vary from three to five. Dicl erred in applying the synonymes of Knoop's Pigeon bigarre to this variety, whicli is very distinct from the Pigeonnet. 156 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 266. PIGEONNET.— Duh. Identification.— Dull. Arb. Fruit, i. 305. Calvel. Traite, iii. 32. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 583. Stnonymes. — Pigeon Bigarre, Knoop. Pom. 62. Passe-pomme Panachee, Ibid. 132. Pigeonnet Blanc, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 1, 786. Pigeonnet Blanc d'Ete', ace. Hort, Soc. Cat. cd. 3. Pigeonnet Gros de Rouen, Hort.Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 787. Museau de Litivre. Bon. Jard. American Peach, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Tauben- artige, Taubenfarbige Apfel, Christ Handworter, 110. FiGDRES.— Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 98. Poit. et. Turpin. t. 80. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height ; oblato-ovate. Skin, pale greenish-yellow on the shaded side ; but entirely covered with red on the side next the sun, and striped and rayed with darker red, some of the stripes extending to the shaded side. Eye, small and open, with erect segments, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white and delicate, of an agreeable acidulated and perfumed flavor. A dessert fruit of second-rate quality ; in use during August and September. 267. PILE'S RUSSET.— Miller. Identification. — Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 120. Lind. Guide, 93. Rog. Fr. Cult. 107. Diel. Kernobst. iii. B. 8. Synonyme. — Pyle's Russet, Brad. Fam. Diet. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish-oblate and obscurely ribbed on the sides. Skin, dull green, thickly covered with pale brown russet, which is strewed with greyish-white dots, and pale green stelloid freckles on the shaded side ; but dull olive mixed with orange, with a tinge of brown, and strewed with scales of silvery russet, intermixed with rough dots of dark russet, on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, with long broad segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and oblique cavity, which is lined with scales of rough russet. Flesh, greenish, tender, crisp, breaking, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and very poignant juice. A very superior old English apple, particularly for culinary purposes ; it is in use from October to March. The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and attains the largest size. It is also an excellent bearer. 268. PINE APPLE RUSSET.— Lind. Identification. — Lind. Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 94. Synonyme — Hardingham's Russet, in Norfolk. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, with broad obtuse angles on its sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, almost covered with white specks on one part, and rough thick yellow russet on the other, which extends round the stalk. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 157 Eye, small, with short connivent segments, placed in a shallow, plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted half its length in an uneven cavity. Flesh, very pale yellow, tender, crisp, very juicy, sugary, brisk and richly aromatic. A very valuable dessert apple ; in use during September and October. Mr. Lindley says the juice of this apple is more abundant than in any he had ever met with. The oldest tree remembered in Norwich was grow- ing a century ago (1830) in a garden belonging to a Mr. Hardinghara, 269. PITMASTON NONPAREIL.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 265. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 478. Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 95. Bog. Fr. Cult. 67. Synonymes. — St. John's Nonpareil, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 669. Pitmaston Eusset Nonpareil, ace. Hort. Trans. Figure. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. t. 10. f. 4. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered with russet, and with a faint tinge of red on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, rich, and highly aromatic. A dessert apple of the greatest excellence. It is in use from December to February. This variety was raised by John Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, St. John's, near Worcester, and was first communicated to the London Horticultural Society in 1820. 270. PITMASTON GOLDEN WREATH.— M. Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 16. Fruit, very small, half-an-inch wide by half-an-inch high ; conical and undulating round the eye. Skin, of a fine deep rich yellow, strewed with russety dots. Eye, large and open, with long, spreading, acuminate seg- ments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slen- der, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, rich yellow, crisp, juicy and sugary. A pretty little apple ; in use from September to Christmas. This beautiful variety was raised by J. Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, from the Golden Pippin, impregnated with the pollen of the Cherry apple, or what is usually called the Siberian Crab. 271. PINNER SEEDLING.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 530. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 587. Lind. Guide, 79. Synonyme. — Carel's Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 791. Fruit, medium sized, roundish-ovate, and slightly angular on the sides. 158 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Skin, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with clear yellowish-brown russet, so much so, that only spots of the ground color are visible ; it has also a varnished redish-brown cheek next the sun which is more or less visible according to the quantity of russet which covers it. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity. Flesh, yel- lowish, tinged with green tender, crisp, juicy, sugary and briskly flavored. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from December to April. This excellent apple was raised by James Carel, a nurseryman at Pinner, Middlesex, in 1810. The tree first produced fruit in 1818, and was in- troduced to the notice of the London Horticultural Society, in 1820. 272. POMME GRISE.— Fors. Identification. — Fors. Treat. 120. Down. Fr. Amer. 124. Synonymes. — Grise, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 305. Gray Apple, ace. Downing. Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi. f. 6. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; roundish and inclining to ovate. Skin, rough, with thick scaly russet, green in the shade, and deep orange on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an- inch long, inserted in a shallow and small cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and highly aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to February. The tree is rather a weak grower, but an abundant bearer. This apple, according to Forsyth, was first introduced to this country from Canada, by Alexander Barclay, Esq., of Brompton, near London. 273, 274. POMEROY. There are two very distinct varieties of apples, which, in different parts of the country, are known by the same name of Pomeroy. The one is that which is cultivated in Somersetshire and the West of England, and the other is peculiar to Lancashire and the Northern counties. The Pomeroy of Somerset, is medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with thin grey russet, on the shaded side ; but orange, covered THE AVl'LE. ITS VARIETIES. 159 with stripes of deep red, and marked with patches and spots of russet on the side exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with numerous large, dark russety dots. Eye, open, set in a round and even basin. Stalk, short, not extending beyond the base, inserted in a round, even, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and highly fla- vored. An excellent dessert apple ; in use from October till December. The PoMEROY of Lancashire, is medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, slightly ribbed at the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded side, but clear pale red next the sun, which blends with the yellow towards the shaded side, so as to form orange ; the whole covered with russety dots. Eye, small and closed, placed in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, short, im- bedded in an angular cavity with a swelling on one side of it, and from which issue a few rainifications of russet. Flesh, whitish, tender, crisp, juicy, and with a brisk flavor, a good deal like that of the Maiiks Codlin. An excellent culinary apple ; in use during September and October. The tree is healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer, well adapted^ for orchard planting, and succeeds well in almost all situations. There are several other varieties which are cultivated under this ap- pellation, to which local specific names are attached ; but as I have not seen any of these, they will be found among the " additional varieties " at the end of that portion of this work which treats on the apple. 275, POMEWATER.— Gerard. Identification. — Ger. Herb. Park. Par. 587. Eaii. Hist. ii. 1447. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex, dis- tinctly five-sided, and terminating at the crown in five prominent ridges. Skin smooth, yellowish-green, tinged with thin brownish-red in the shade ; but covered with dark dull red on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, placed in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, stout, an inch long, inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and pleasantly flavored. A culinary apple ; in use from December to January. I think there is little doubt that this is the Pome Water of Gerard. It is still grown in Lancashire, and on the borders of Cheshire, of which county Gerard was a native, and with the fruits of which, he was, in all probability, best acquainted. 276. PONTO PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 594. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height ; conical, narrow at the eye. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the shade ; but red on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with spots and dots of dark russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and irregular basin. Stalk, short, set in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, L 2 IGO BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. greenish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, with a brisk and rich flavor. A dessert apple, of good, though not of first-rate quality ; it is in use from November to February. 277. POPE'S APPLE.— H. Fruit, large ; ovate, handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, clear yellow, tinged with greenish patches, and strewed with dark dots ; on the side next the sun it is marked with a few faint streaks of crimson. Eye, large and open, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, and set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with rough russet, and with an incipient protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, sugary and juicy, with a rich and excellent flavor. A very valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is in use from November to March. This variety has all the properties of the Blenheim Pippin, and is much superior to it, keeps longer, and has the great advantage of being an early and abundant bearer. This excellent apple is as yet but little known. I met with it in the neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, in Kent, where it is greatly esteemed and now extensively cultivated for the supply of the London markets. The account I received of it was, that the original tree grew in the gar- den of a cottager of the name of Pope, at Cellar Hill, in the parish of Linstead, near Sittingbourne. It was highly prized by its owner, to whom the crop afforded a little income, and many were the unsuccessful appli- cations of his neighbours for grafts of what became generally known as Pope's Apple. The proprietor of this cottage built a row of other dwell- THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 161 ings adjoining it, in the gardens of which there were no fruit trees ; for the sake of uniformity, and in spite of Pope's importunities and the offer of twenty shillings annual increase in the rental, the tree was condemned, and cut down in 1846, at which period it was between 50 and 60 years old. A few days after it was destroyed, Mr. Fairbeard, a nurseryman at Green Street, procured a number of the grafts which he was successful in propagating, and it is to him I am indebted for this variety. 278. POWELL'S RUSSET.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 748. Lind. Guide, 9.5. Rog. Fr. Cult. 74, FiGUKE — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiii. f. 9. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an Inch and three quarters high ; roundish, and regularly formed, broad and flattened at the base, and narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, almost entirely covered with pale brown russet ; but where any portion of the ground color is visible, it is greenish-yelloAV on the shaded side, and tinged with brown where exposed to the sun. Eye, open, placed in a round, even, and shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather wide, and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, very juicy and sugary, with a rich and highly ai'omatic flavor. A dessert apple of the very first quality ; it is in use from November to February. 279. PROLIFEROUS REINETTE.— H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters v/ide, and the same in height ; oval, with ten obscure ribs, extending from the base to the apex, where they form five small crowns. Skin, of a dull yellow ground color, marked with small broken stripes or streaks of crimson, and thickly covered with small russety specks. Eye, closed, placed in a shallow, plaited, and knobbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters long, deeply inserted the whole of its length in a round and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, very juicy and sugary, with a rich and brisk flavor. A very fine, briskly flavored dessert apple ; in use from October to December. I received this variety from the garden at Hammersmith, formerly in the possession of the late Mr. James Lee. 280. QUEEN OF SAUCE.— H. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and a half high ; obtuse-ovate, broad and flat at the base, narrowing towards the crown, and angular on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side ; but on the side exposed to the sun it is flushed with red, which is marked with broken streaks of deeper red ; it is strewed all over with patches of thin delicate russet, and large russety specks, those round the eye being linear. Eye, open, set in a deep and angular basin, which is russety at the base. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, deeply in- M ] G'^ BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. serted in a round cavity, which is lined with coarse russet. Flesh, yel- lowish, firra, crisp, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. A culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unworthy of the dessert ; it is in use from November to January. 281. RABINE.— Hort. Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and much flattened, ribbed on the sides, and undulated round the margin of the basin of the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, marked with a few faint, broken streaks and freckles of red, and strewed with grey russety dots on the shaded side ; but dark dull red, marked and mottled with stripes of deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, partially open, with broad flat segments, and placed in an angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and uneven cavity, from which issue a few linear markings of russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or for the des- sert, but more properly for the former ; it is in use from October to Christmas. 282. RAMBO.— Coxe. Identification. — Coxe View. 116. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr, Amer. 93, Stnonyme — Romanite, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. American Seck-no-fartber, Ibid. Bread and Cheese Apple, ace. Down. Fr. Amer. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish oblate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded side; but yellow, streaked with red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, rather shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, and slender, inserted more than half its length in a deep, round, and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, ten- der and delicate, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. An American apple, suitable either for the dessert or for culinary pur- poses ; and esteemed in its native countrj- as a variety of first-rate excel- lence ; but with us of inferior quality, even as a kitchen apple ; it is in use from December to January. 283. RAMBOUR FRANC— Duh, Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 307, pi. x. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 615. Down, Fr. Amer. 94. Stnontmes. — Frank Rambour, Switz.Fr. Gard. 135. Lind. Guide, 15. Rambour Gros, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 844. Rambour Blanc, Merlet. Abrege. Rambour, Quint. Inst. i. 202. Dahur. Traite. 115. Le Rambour, Bret. Ecole, ii. 470. Rambourg, Riv. et Moul. Meth. 190. Rambourge, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 353. Pome de Rambm-es, Rea Pom. 210. Rambour d'e'te', Poit. et Turp. Rambour d'e'te or Summer Rambour, Coxe View. Cambour, Bank. Hist. i. 21. Charmant Blanc, Zink Pom. No. 10. t. 2. Pomnie de Notre Dame, aec. Dahuron. Friiher Rambourger, Mayer Pom. Franc. No. 18, t. 13. Weisse Sommerram- bour, Sickler Obstgcirt. ix. 25. Lothinger, Saltz. Pom. No. 5. Lothinger Ram- bour, Diel Kernobst. i. 93. Figures. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 94. Sickler Obstgiirt. ix. t. 3. THI': APPLF.. ITS VARIETIES. 163 Fruit, very large, four inches broad, and three inches high ; roundish and flattened, with five ribs on the sides which extend to the eye, forming prominent ridges round the apex. Skin, yellow, marked with thin pale russet on the shaded side ; but sti-eaked and mottled with red on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, and deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a round, even, and regular cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, and of a leathery texture, brisk and sugary, with a high flavor. A good culinary apple ; in use during September and October. This is an old French apple which must have been long cultivated in this country ; as it is mentioned by Rea so early as 1665. It is supposed to take its name from the village of Rembures, in Picardy, where it is said to have been first discovered. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. 284. RAVELSTON PIPPIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. i). 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 622. Lind. Guide, 9. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, irregular in its shape, caused by several obtuse ribs which extend into the basin of the eye, round which they form prominent ridges. Skin, greenish -yellow, nearly covered with red streaks, and strewed with russety dots. Eye, closed, and set in an angular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, and pleasantly flavored. A dessert apple, of such merit in Scotland as to be generally grown against a wall ; but in the south, where it has to compete with the pro- ductions of a warmer climate, it is found to be only of second-rate quality. Ripe in August. 285. RED ASTRACHAN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 17. Lind. Guide, 6. Down. Fr. Amer. 75. Eog. Fr. Cult. 33. Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 123. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. v. f. 2. Fruit, above the medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; roundish, and obscurely angular on its sides. Skin, greenish-yellow where shaded, and almost entirely covered with deep crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole surface covered with a fine delicate bloom. Eye, closed, set in a moderately deep and some- what irregular basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, sugary, briskly and pleasantly flavored. An early dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality. It is ripe in August, and requires to be eaten when gathered from the tree, as it soon becomes meally. This variety was imported from Sweden, by William Atkinson, Esq., of Grove End, Paddington, in 1816. The tree does not attain a large size, but is healthy and vigorous, and an abundant bearer. M 2 104 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC., ^ 286. RED INGESTRIE.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. i. 227. Kort. See. Cat. erl. 3, n. 358. Lind. Guide, 23. Down. Fr, Amer, 95. Hog. Fr. Cult. 81. FiGUKES, — Pom. Mag. t. 17. Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. i. f. G. Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; ovate, regularlj^ and handsomely shaped. Skin, clear bright yel- low, tinged and mottled with red on the side exposed to the sun, and strewed Avith numerous pearly specks. Eye, small, set in a wide and even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a small and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, juicy, and highly flavored. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use during October and November. This excellent little apple was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., from the seed of the Orange Pippin impregnated with the Golden Pippin, about the year 1800. It, and the Yellow Ingestrie, were the produce of two pips taken from the same cell of the core. The original trees are still in existence at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire. 287. RED-MUST.— Evelyn. Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 162. Pom.Heref. Lind. Guide, 109'. Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 4. Fruit, nearly, if not quite, the largest cider apple cultivated in Here- fordshire. It is rather broad and flattened, a little irregijlar at its base, which is hollow. Stalk, slender. Crown, sunk. Eye, deep, with a stout erect calyx. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, with a deep i-osy color where exposed to the sun, and shaded with a darker red. — Lindley. The Red Must has at all periods been esteemed a good cider apple, though the ciders lately made with it, unmixed with other apples, have been light, and thin ; and I have never found the specific gravity of its expressed juice to exceed 1064. — Knight. 288. RED-STREAK.— Evelyn. Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 164. Nourse Camp. Fel. 143. Forg. Treat. 123. Lind. Guide, 110. Pom. Heref. t. 1. Down. Fr. Amer. 146. Synonymes. — Herefordshire Eed-Streak, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 625. Scuda- more's Crab. Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 1. Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 4. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, narrowing toAvards the apex. Skin, deep clear yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side ; but red, streaked with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, small, with convergent segments, set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and slender. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and rather dry. Specific gravity of the juice, 1079. A cider apple, which at one period was unsurpassed, but now compara- tively but little cultivated. THE APl'LE. ITS VARIETIES. 105 Perhaps there is no apple which at any period created such a sensation, and of which so much was said and written during the 1 7th century, as of the Red Streak. Prose and verse were both enlisted in its flivor. It was chiefly by the writings of Evelyn it attained its greatest celebrity. Philips, in his poem — Cyder, says " Let every tree in every garden own The Red Streak as supreme, whose pulpous fruit. With gold irradiate, and vermilion, shines Tempting, not fatal, as the birth of that Frimseva!, interdicted plant, that won Fond Eve, in hapless hour to taste, and die. This, of more bounteous influence, inspires Poetic raptures, and the lowly muse Kindles to loftier strains; even I, perceive Her sacred virtue. See! the numbers flow Easy, whilst, cheer'd witli her nectareous juice, Her's, and my country's praises, I exalt." but its reputation began to decline about the beginning of the last century, for we find Nourse saying, " As for the liquor which it yields, it is highly esteemed for its noble colour and smell ; 'tis likewise fat and oily in the taste, but withal very windy, luscious and fulsome, and will sooner clog the stomach than any other cider whatsoever, leaving a waterish, raw humour upon it ; so that with meals it is no way helpful, and they who drink it, if I may judge of them by my own palate, will find their stomachs pall'd sooner by it, than warm'd and enliven'd." The Red Streak seems to have originated about the beginning of the 17th century, for Evelyn says " it was within the memory of some now living, surnaraed the Scudaraore's Crab, and then not much known save in the neighbourhood." It was called Scudamore's Crab, from being ex- tensively planted by the first Lord Scudamore, who was son of Sir James Scndamore, from whom Spencer is said to have taken the character of Sir Scudamore in his " Fairie Queen." He was born in 1600, and created by Charles I. Baron Dromore and Viscount Scudamore. He was at' tending the Duke of Buckingham when he was stabbed at Portsmouth, and was so affected at the event that he retired into private life, and de- voted his attention to planting orchards, of which the Red-Streak formed the principal variety. In 1634 he was sent as ambassador to France, in which capacity he continued for four years. He was a zealous royalist duriog the civil wars, and was taken prisoner by the parliament party, while his property was destroyed, and his estate sequestered. He died in 1671. 289. RED STREAKED RAWLING.— II. Synonvme and Figdre.— Rawling's Fine Redstreak. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. x. f. 2. Fruit, large, three inches wide by two and a quarter deep ; roundish, and slightly angular. Skin, yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side '; but entirely covered with clear dark red, and striped with still darker red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, Avhich is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, juicy 166 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. and well flavored, abounding in a sweet and pleasant juice. A culinary apple, well adapted for sauce ; it is in nse from October to Christmas. This is an old Devonshire apple, and no doubt the Sweet Rawling re- ferred to in a communication to one of Bradley's " Monthly Treatises," from which the following is an extract. " We have an apple in this country called a Rawling, of which there is a sweet and a sour ; the sour when ripe (which is very early) is a very fair large fruit, and of a pleasant taste, inclined to a golden color, full of narrow red streaks ; the Sweet Rawling, has the same colours but not quite so large, and if boiled grows hard ; whereas the sour becomes soft, ^ow what I have to inform you of is, viz.: I have a tree which bears both sorts in one apple; one side of the apple is altogether sweet, the other side sour ; one side bigger than the other ; and when boiled the one side is soft, the other hard, as all sweet and sour apples are." 290. REINETTE DE BREDA.— Diel. Identification. — Diel Kernobst. i. 110. Sickler Obstgiirt. ix. 212. FiGDKE. — Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 9. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a quarter high ; roundish and compressed. Skin, at first pale yellow, but changing as it ripens to fine deep golden yellow, and covered with numer- ous russety streaks and dots, and with a tinge of red and fine crimson dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm and crisp, but tender and juicy, with a rich vinous and aro- matic flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to March. This is the Reinette d'Aizerna of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, and may be the Nelguin of Knoop, but it is certainly not the Reinette d'Aizema of Knoop. 291. REINETTE BLANCHE D'ESPAGNE.— Hort. Identification.— Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 636. Diel Kernobst. v. B. 80. Mayer Pom. Franc. Down. Fr. Amer. 130. Stnonymes.— Reinette d'Espagne, Bret. Ecole, ii. 477. Reinette Tendre. Blanc d'Espagne, Bon. Jard. 1843,"514. D'Espagne, ace. Hort. Soe. Cat. De Rateau, ace. Pom. Mag. Concombre Ancien, Ibid. Fall Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult. 95. Cobbett's Fall Pippin, ace. Hort. Soe. Cat. Large Fall Pippin, Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 1, 315 Camuesar, in Spain. White Spanish Reinette, Pom. Mag. Lind Guide, 83. Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 110. Fruit, very large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and three quarters high ; oblato-oblong, angular on the sides and uneven at the crown, where it is nearly as broad as at the base. Skin, smooth and unctuous to the feel, yellowish-green in the shade, but orange tinged with brownish-red next the sun, and strewed with dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 167 tender, juicy and sugary. An apple of first-rate quality, suitable for the dessert, but particularly so for all culinary purposes. It is in use from December to April. The tree is healthy and vigorous, and an excellent bearer. It requires a dry, warm, and loamy soil. 292. REINETTE DE CANADA.— Bret. Identification. — Bret. Ecole, ii. 476. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 868. Bon. Jard. Synonymes. — Reinette du Canada, Cal. Traite.ui. 5\. Hort. Soc.Cat.eA.S,n. 640. Grosse Reiuet.te d'Angleterre, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 299, t. xii. f. 5. Reinette de Canada Blanche, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 868. Reinette de Canada a Cotes. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 869. Reinette de Caen, Ibid. 867. De Canada, Ibid. 139. De Bretagne, Ibid. 104. Portugal, Ibid. 803. Janurea, Ibid. 489. Reinette Grosse de Canada, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. St. Helena Russet, Ibid. Wahre Reinette, Ibid. Grosse Englische Reinette, Diel Kernobst. i. 106. Canadian Reinette, Lind. Guide, 40. Porn. Mug. Canada Reinette, Down. Fr. Amer. 129. Grosse d'Angleterre. Mala Janurea, of the Ionian Islands. Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 77. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pi. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xi. f. 1. Poit. et Turp. pi. 32. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches deep ; oblato-conical, with prominent ribs originating at the eye, and diminish- ing as they extend downwards towards the stalk. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a tinge of brown on the side next the sun, covered with numerous brown russety dots, and reticidations of russet. Eye, large, partially closed, with short segments, and set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, wide, and generally smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, brisk, and highly flavored. An apple of first-rate quality, either for culinary or dessert use ; it is in season from November to April. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains a large size. It is also an excellent bearer ; the finest fruit are produced from dwarf trees. 293. REINETTE CARPENTIN.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 35. Synonyme.— Kleine Graue Reinette, Sickler Obstgdrt. ix. 413. Der Carpentin, Diel Kernobst. i. 174. Figure. — Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 18. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; roundish or rather oblato-oblong. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded side ; but striped, and washed with dark glossy red, on the side next the sun, and so much covered with a thick cinnamon-colored russet that the ground colors are sometimes only partially visible. Eye, set in a wide saucer-like basin, which is considerably depressed. Stalk, an inch long, thin, and inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and peculiar aromatic flavor, slightly resembling anise. A first-rate dessert apple ; in use from December to April. 108 BPJTISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The tree is a free grovv^er, with long slender shoots, and when a little aged, is a very abundant bearer. 294. REINETTE DIEL.— Van Mons. Identification. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 78. Hort. Soc. Oat. ed. 3, n. 647. Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two and a quarter high ; oblate, even, and handsomely shaped. Skin, at first yellowish- white, but changes by keeping to a fine yellow color ; on the side next the sun it is marked with several crimson spots and dots, strewed all over with russety dots, which are large and brownish on the shaded side, but small and greyish on the other. Eve, open, with short segments, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep and russety cavity, with sometimes a fleshy boss at its base. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, delicate and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and spicy flavor, A beautiful and excellent dessert apple of the first quality ; it is in use from December to March. The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. This variety was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and named in honor of his friend Dr. Aug. Friedr. Adr. Diel. 295. REINETTE FRANCHE.— Duh. Identification.— Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 300. Bret. Ecole, ii. 474. Knoop Pom. 53, t. ix. Lind. Guide, 56. Synonymes. — Reinette Blanche, Quint. Inst. i. 201. Eeinette Blanche dite Prime, Merlet Abrege. Reinette Blanclie or Pranche, Mill. Diet. French Reinette, Rog. Fj: Cult. ] 04. Franz Henette, Mai/er Pom. Franc. 3, 'No. 4&. Reinette de Nor- mandie, Christ Handb. No, 92. Weisse Reinette, Salz. Pom. No. 22. Franz- osisclie Edelreinette, Diel Kernobst. i. 120. Figure. — Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 93. Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish-oblate, slightly angular on its sides, and uneven round the eye. Skin, smooth, thickly covered with brown russety spots ; greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to pale-yellow ; and some- times tinged with red when fully exposed to the sun. Eye, partially open, with long green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and, prominently plaited basin. Stalk, short, and thick, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with greenish-grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, delicate, crisp and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and musky flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to April. Roger Schabol says, it has been kept two years, in a cupboard excluded from the air. The tree is a free grower, and an abundant bearer ; but subject to canker, unless grown in light soil, and a dry and warm situation. This is a very old French apple, varying very much in quality accord- ing to the soil in which it is grown ; but so highly esteemed in France as to take as much precedence of all other varieties, as the Ribston and Golden Pippin does in this country. THE APPLE. ITS VAIUETIES. 169 296. REINETTE GRISE.— Quint. Identificatjon.— Quint. Inst. i. 201. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 302. Knoop Pom. 50. t. ix. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 123. Rog. Fr. Cult. 103. Synonymes.— Reinette Grise Extra, r/cc. f/ort. Soc. Cut. ed. 1,89.5. Belle Fille, Ihid. 53. Prager, ace. Hort. Sue Cat. ed. 2. Grauwe Franse Renett, Knoop Pom. 132. Aechte Graue I^anzosische Reinette. Reinette Grise Frau^aise Biel Kernubst. i. 168. Reinette Grise d'Hiver, Riv. et. Maul. Metli. 191. Figures.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 8. Brook. Pom. Brit, Ixxxviii. f. 1. Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two and a half high ; roundish, flattened on both sides, rather broadest at the base, and gener- ally with five obscure angles on the sides. Skin, dull yellowish-green in the shade, and with a patch of thin, dull, brownish-red on the side next the sun, which is so entirely covered with brown russet that little color is visible ; the shaded side is marked with large linear patches of rough brown russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a brisk and excellent flavor. A very fine dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to May. The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. This is one of the finest old French apples ; but considered inferior to the Reinette Franche. 297. REINETTE JAUNE SIJC REE.— Hort. Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 673. Diel Kernobst. v. 112. Synonymes.— Citron, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,159. D'Angloise, Ibid. 13. Chance, aec. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Gelbe Zuckerreinette, Did. Kernobst. v. 112. Fruit, rather above medium size, three inches broad, and two and a half high ; roundish, and very much flattened at the base. Skin, thin and tender, pale green at first, but changing as it attains maturity to a fine deep yellow, with a deeper and somewhat of an orange tinge on the side exposed to the sun ; and covered all over with numerous large russety dots, and a few traces of delicate russet. Eye, open, with long acuminate, green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep round cavity, which is lined with thin russef. Flesh, yellowish, delicate, tender and very juicy, with a rich sugary flavor and without much acidity. Either as a dessert or culinary apple, this variety is of first-rate excel- lence ; it is in use from November to February. The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but it is very subject to canker unless grown in a light and warm soi). 298. REINETTE VAN MONS. Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; inclining to conical in shape. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but redish-brown, shading off to orange-yellow, where exposed to the sun ; the whole strewed with numerous russety 170 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. dots. Eye, closed, and placed in a small, round basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, and sugary. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December till April or May. 299. REINETTE VERTE.— Merlet. Identification. — Merlet Abrege. Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Knoop Pom. 49, t. 8. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 699. Synonymes. — Groene Franse Renette, ace. Knoop Pom. \32. Groene Henet, Idid. t. 8. Griine Reinette, Sichler Obstgdrt. iii. 177. Diel Kernobst. v. 95. Figure. — Mayer Pom. Franc, t. xxvi. Sickler Obstgart. iii. t. 10. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a quarter high ; roundish, considerably flattened at the base, and slightly ribbed at the eye, handsome, and regularly shaped. Skin, thin, smooth and shining, pale green at first, but becoming yellowish-green as it attains maturity, with sometimes a redish tinge, and marked with large grey russety dots and lines of russet. Eye, partially closed, with long acumi- nate segments, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a deep and round cavity, lined with russet, which extends in ramifications over the whole of the base. Flesh, yellowish- white, tender and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor, "partaking of the flavors of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil". A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to May. The tree is vigorous and healthy, and a good bearer ; but does not become of a large size. 300. RHODE ISLAND GREENING.— Hort. Identification. — Coxe View, 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. DoAvn. Fr. Amer. 128. Synonymes. — Green Newtown Pippin, Lind. Guide, 50. Jersey Greening, Coxe View, 129. Burlington Greening, ace. Coxe. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish and slightly depressed, with obscure ribs on the sides. Skin, smooth and imctuous to the touch, dark green at first, becoming pale as it ripens, and sometimes with a faint blush near the stalk. Eye, small and closed, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, curved, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a narrow and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, with a rich, brisk, and aromatic flavor. An apple of first-rate quality for all culinary purposes, and excellent also for the dessert ; it is in use from November to April. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, hardy, and an excellent bearer ; succeeds well in almost any situation. This variety is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by the London Horticultural Society, who received it from David Hosack, Esq., M.D., of New York. It is extensively grown in the middle states of America, where the Newtown Pippin does not attain perfection, and for which it forms a good substitute. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 171 301. RIBSTON PIPPIN.— Fors. Identification. — Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 124. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 704. Lind. Guide, 80. Diel Kernobst. xi. 93.g. Fr. Cult. 84. 416. AUTUMN REINETTE. Fruit, of middle size, rather oval, of a mottled red next the sun, and the shaded side yellow ; pulp, crisp, and contains a fine quantity of rich juice ; in use from October to February. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 102. 417. BAINS'S. Fruit, medium sized; oblate; striped; of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or dessert use, and possessing the flaijn" of the Ribston Pippin, but not so rich ; it is in use from November to March. H. S. C. n. 20. 418. BALDERSTONE SEEDLING. A medium sized, second-rate, kitchen apple, of conical shape, and striped with red ; it is in use during October and November. — H. S. C. p. 5. 419. BALMANNO PIPPIN. A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is roundish- ovate, green and brownish, and in use from October to December. — //. S. C. n. 24. 420. BATH. A large, roundish, yellow, kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 30. 421. BAUDRONS. Tree an excellent bearer, fruit keeps well, and is of good quality, with much acid, excellent for tarts ; tree middle size and healthy ._ This is a rare variety, and is supposed to exist only in the Gourdie Hill orchard, Carse of Gowrie. — 31. C. II. S. vol. iv. 472. 'J'lIE AITLE. — ITS VARIETIES. ' 217 422. BEAT'S PIPPIN. A dessert apple of large size, round, striped witli red ; in use from November to January. — H. S. C. n. 33. 423. BEAUFINETTE. A small sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, and red color ; in use from November to February. — //. S. C. n. 36. 424. BELLE ANGLAISE. Synonymk. — Beauty of England. A large apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or dessert apple ; it is in use from November till December. The tree bears well as a standard. — Laws. Cat. 425. BELLE HERVY. A large culinary apple of roundish shape, green color, and second- rate quality ; in use from November to March. — H. S. C. n. 47. 426. BENLOMOND. A large, oblong, culinary fruit ; of a greenish-yellow color ; in use from October to December. The fruit is of good quality ; tree bears steadily, has long slender twigs, is of middle size, leaves large, of un- common figure. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. M. C. H. S. vol. iv. p. 470. 427. BENWELL'S LARGE. A large, roundish, green variety, of inferior quality ; in 'use in December. — H. S. C. p. 6. 428. BENZLER. A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, striped with red, and in season from December to May. — H. S. C. n. 54. 429. BETLEY CODLIN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape ; skin, yellow, with brownish-red towards the sun ; in use from October till January. — H. >S'. C. p. 153. 430. BISCHOFFS REINETTE. A middle sized, very valuable dessert apple, it is conical or pearmain- shaped ; the skin is of a fine lemon color, without any red next the sun, but with markings of russet. Flesh, whitish-yellow, very fine, juicy, sugary, vinous, and aromatic. Ripe in November, and continues in use all the winter. — Diet Kernobst. i. B, 82. 218 • BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 431. BLACK ANNETTE. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or dessert use ; it is of an ovate shape, dark red color, and in use from November to January. — H. S. C. p. 5. 432. BLACK AMERICAN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of roundish shape, dark red color, and in use during November and December. — H. S. a n. 62. 433. BLACK BESS. An apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, and said to keep long. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 434. BLACK BORSDORFFER. Stnontme. — Black Crab. A small, roundish, dark red apple, of inferior quality ; in use from November to January. It is curious on account of its color, in other respects worthless. — JI. S. C. n. 64. 435. BLACK NONPAREIL. This is a small angular apple, with the stalk thickened like that of the Lemon Pippin. It has nothing of the character of the Nonpareil, but is a rich high flavored apple. It is only met with in the Scotch collections. — Hort. Trans, iii. 325. 436. BLAND'S ORANGE PIPPIN. Fruit, small, flattened at both ends. Stalk, short. Eye, large and deep. Color, light orange, deepening as it ripens, and varied with russet specks. The pulp is crisp, very juicy, and fit for the dessert ; it is in perfection during October. — Hog. Fr. Cult. 79. 437. BLOOD ROYAL. A large culinary apple of second-rate quality ; it is roundish, dark red, and in use from September to November. — H. S. C. p. 7. 438. BOGMILN FAVORITE. A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a round shape, and striped with red ; and in use from November to January. This variety is peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and is there esteemed of excellent quality. — H. S. C. n. 72. 439. BONNER. A Scotch apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and there esteemed a fine autumn apple, and the tree an excellent bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 219 440. BONNIE BRIDE. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and esteemed as a fruit of excellent quality ; tree a good bearer, middle sized and healthy, a rare variety. — M. C. II. S. iv. 471. 441. BOOMREY. A pretty large handsome apple, of a flat shape, and deep red color ; and the flesh is streaked with red. It is not fit to eat raw, but will do well for cider, or for the kitchen. It keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 94. 442. BOVEY REDSTREAK. A handsome apple of flattish shape, beautifully streaked with a bright red next the eye, which is small, and of a yellow color about the foot- stalk. It keeps till the latter end of October. — Fors. Treat. 94. 443. BOWES'S NONESUCH. A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes ; the shape is roundish, skin, green, and striped with red ; in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 490. 444. BRAINGE. A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use in November.— IT. S. C. n. 80. 445. BOURASSA. Synontme. — Barrossa. A medium sized conical apple, of second-rate quality ; it is russeted and red, suitable either for culinary or dessert use ; and is in season from October to December. — H. S. C. p. 8. 446. BRAUNE MAL. A large culinary apple of oblate shape, and brown color, and in use from December to March. — II. S. C. n. 83. 447. BRAUNSCHWEIGER MILCH. Synonymes. — Milch Apfel, Christ Gartenb. 300. This is an extremely beautiful and valuable German apple, roundish, three inches high, and about the same wide. Its skin is as thin, clear, and tender, as the finest paper, snow-white, like wax, with several beautiful crimson stripes and dots on the sunny side ; it has a very short stalk, ripens in the beginning of August, and keeps for fourteen days. — Christ Gartenb. 300. 220 BKITISH POMOLOGY ETC. 448. BROWN'S SUMMER BEAUTY. Of medium size, oval shape, straw color, with a flush of unmixed red, both eye and stalk prominent; the flesh delicate, and full of richly flavored juice. This is a first-rate table apple, ripening in September. It was raised by Mr. Brown at Slough. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 3, pi. ii. f. 2. 449. BROWNITE. A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, striped with red, and of inferior quality ; it is in use during December and January. — H. S. C. p. 8. 450. BUCKS COUNTY. Stnontme. — Solebury Cider. A large cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color ; in use from November till March. Tree a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 94. 451. BUCHANAN'S LONG KEEPER. Of medium size, round, and yellowish-green color, second-rate quality, and in use from January to April. — H. S. C. p. 8. 452. BUFFCOAT. A cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow russeted color. — H. S. a n. 98. 453. BURR KNOT. Synontme. — BuiT Apple. A large apple of globular form, smooth glossy surface, yellow, with a flush of faint red. This is a very useful kitchen fruit in November and December, and a profuse bearer. The tree grows in a close and compact form, and seldom cankers. It is named Burr Knot from knots or joints on the shoots, which render it easy to be grown from cuttings. — Hon. Pyr. Mai. 17, pi. xxxix, f. 1. 454. BURRELL'S RED. Above the medium size, of a conical shape, with wrinkles encompass- ing a small shallow eye ; the stalk is deeply inserted, it is of an entire beautiful red color, approaching to scarlet. The flesh is juicy, and rich, with an agreeable acid. This is a very desirable sauce apple throughout November, December, and January. It is a robust grower, and bears \fe\\.—Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83, pi. xlii. f. 1. 455. BURTON SEEDLING. Very much resembles the Manks Codlin, the flesh is tender, delicate, and of a fine flavor, and the tree a great bearer. This variety is chiefly to be met with in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Mid. Flor. THE APPLE, ITS VARIETIES. 221 456. BUSIIAM. A culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape, yellowish-green color, and is in season from December till March.—//. S. C. p. 8. 457. CADBURY. Synonvme. — Cadbury Pound. A small, conical, cider apple, of a pale green or yellow color, and good flavor, ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 95. 458. CALANDER. A large Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or dessert fruit ; it is of a conical shape, and in use from October to December. The tree is a good bearer. — Laws. Cat. 459. CAMBUSNETHAN PIPPIN. Synonymes. — Winter Redstreak ; Watch Apple. A Scotch apple, originally from the gardens at Cambusnethan, it is rather above the middle size, round, flattened at both ends ; eye, very large, in a regular wide cavity, ground color, yellow, with a profusion of red in irregular splotches ; the flesh is white and melting, with a very rich saccharine juice. — Hort. Trans, iii. 25. 460. CAMPFIELD. A cider apple of medium size, oblate shape, yellow and red color ; in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 125. 461. CAPPER'S PEARMAIN. Synonyme.— Now Duck's Bill. A large and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is pearmain-shaped, skin, striped with red ; and in use from December till March. This variety is peculiar to Sussex. — H. S. C. n. 537. 462. CARNATION. This is a beautiful middle sized fruit,. finely striped with red; it is ripe in January and keeps till May. — Fors. Treat. 96. 463. CARBERRY PIPPIN. This in size and shape, resembles the French Crab, and is of a deep green color. It is a good baking apple and will keep till March. — Fors. Treat. 97. 222 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 464. CARSE REDSTREAK. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, it is very beautiful, and the tree is a moderate bearer. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 474. 465. CATLINE. Stnonymes. — Gregsou ; Catline of Maryland. An American dessert apple of small size, oblate shape, yellow and red color, and second-rate quality ; it is in use from October to December. H. S. C. n. 129. 466. CHATAIGNIER. A French kitchen apple of medium size, ovate shape, and striped with red. It keeps for two years, and contains a very strong acid. — H. S. C. u. 136. 467. CHAUDIERE. A small, roundish, green cider apple. — JI. S. C. n. 137. 468. CHRIST'S GOLD REINETTE. Stnontme. — Christ's Deutsche Goldreinette. Fruit, above medium size, about two inches and a half high, and about three inches broad ; oblate. Skin, pale gold-yellow, with a light red cheek on the sunny side, and the greater part of the fruit covered with cinnamon colored russet. Eye, set in a shallow and wide basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, fine, tender, juicy, with an aromatic and vinous flavor. An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use ; in use from November till May. — Christ Vollst. Pom. 165. 469. CIERGE D'HIVER. A small, conical, green cider apple, in use during November and December.—^. S. C. n. 143. 470. CITRONEN REINETTE. Synonyme. — Reinette de Citron. Fruit, pretty large, two inches and three quarters, to three inches broad, and about the same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin, smooth, of a beautiful shining bright yellow, with a rose colored blush, on the side towards the sun. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a wide, even, and pretty shallow basin, which is somewhat plaited. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with cinnamon colored russet. Flesh, very white, fine grained, juicy, and of a very brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor. A very beautiful and valuable dessert apple, of German origin. It was raised by Herrn, Rath and Amtraann Rath, of Nassau ; it is in use THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 223 in December, and keeps during the whole of the winter and spring, even till June. — Did Kernobst. iii. 132, 471. CLARET. A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape, and red color ; it is in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 146. 472. CLARKE'S CODLIN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, and yellow color, and comes into use in November. — If. S. C. p. 10. 473. CLEPINGTON. A medium sized dessert apple, ripe in September. It is a seedling from the Oslin. — Hiv. Cat. 474. CLEY PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, and yellow color ; and is in use from October to March. — H. S. C. n. 145. 47o. CLOUDED SCARLET. A very beautiful apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards ; the ti-ee bears well. — M. C. II. S. iv. 473. 476. CLOVE PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert fruit, of second rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, russety-red color, and is ripe in August. — If. S. C. n. 147. There is another variety in Mr. Rivers's Catalogue, which is also called Clove Pippin, and which is said to be a large dessert apple, of first-rate quality, and in use from November till April. 477. COCKPIT. Of ordinary size, oval shape, both eye and stalk (which is slender), prominent ; when ripe of a yellow color, the flesh is tender, and of a brisk flavor. Ripe in November and December. It grows healthily, and bears constantly. This variety is much cultivated in the North of England, as a useful pleasant apple, either for the table or kitchen. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. 73. pi. xxxvii. f. 1. 478. COLLIN'S KEEPER. A large kitchen apple, of roundish shape, green and yellow color, and keeps till January. — //. S. C. n. 173. 479. CONQUEST DE WIGERS. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape, pale yellow color, and in use from January till March.— H. S. C. n. 175. 224 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 480. CORSTORPHINE. A medium sized second-rate Scotch culinary apple, of conical shape, and pale yellow color ; in use during September and October. — Laics. Cat. 481. CORNISH NONPAREIL. This is rather under the middle size, it is a little flatted, and of a russet color. This is a very good apple, and keeps till the middle of March. — Fors. Treat. 97. 482. CORNISH PEARMAIN. This is of a middling size, and long shape, of a dull green color on one side, and russet on the other. This is a very good apple, and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 97. 483. CORSE'S FAVORITE. A Canadian apple, raised near Montreal. It is described as an apple of extraordinary flavor ; it commences ripening in August, and has this singular peculiarity in maturing : it is six weeks from the time the first are fit for the table, before the last are so ; it should be perfectly matured on the tree, and eaten immediately. — Ken. Amer. Or. 26. Such is the character of this fruit in America, but I have had no experience of it here. — H. 484. COS OR CAAS. A native of Kingston, N. Y., where it is productive and very highly esteemed. Fruit, large, one-sided or anguhu', roundish, broad and flattened at the stalk, narrowing a good deal to the eye. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow in the shade, but red in the sun, with splashes and specks of bright red, and a few yeilovir dots. Stalk, very short, and rather strong, downy, deeply inserted in a wide, one-sided cavity. Calyx, small, in a narrow, shallow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with a mild, agreeable flavor. December to March. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 103. 485. COURT-PENDU NOIR. A medium sized kitchen apple, of round shape, and dark red color ; in use from December till March. — //. S. C. n. 186. 486. COWARNE QUEENING. A small, ovate apple, green and red, suitable either for cider or the dessert use ; it is in season from October till March, and is a good bearer.— 77. 6". C. n. 606. 487. COW'S SNOUT. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblong shape, green and yellow color, and ripe during x^ugust and September. — - H. S. C. u. 189. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 2^5 488, CREDE'S QUITTENREINETTE. SrNONYMEs.— Credos Giitten Reinette, Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 646. Rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, smooth, of an uniform fine lemon color, when ripe, and strewed with star-like russety dots. Eye, open, with long green segments, set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, thin, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, deep, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, of a beautiful white, very fine and juicy, with a sugary, vinous, and quince flavor. It is in use from December till spring. — Diel Kernobst. xxi. 105. 489. CRIMSON QUEENING. Synonymes. — Scarlet Queening ; Summer Queening ; Red Queening ; Hereford- shire Queening. A medium sized apple, of conical shape, red color^ and second-rate quality, suitable either for the dessert or culinary use ; and in season from December till March. It is not so rich as the Cornish Gilliflower, but resembles it both in flavor and appearance. — H. S. C. n. 609. 490. CROOM PIPPIN. A small, roundish, yellow apple ; in use from December to January. — //. S. a n. 194. 491. CUMBERLAND PIPPIN. Of medium size, roundish shape, prominently ribbed on the sides, and pale green color, suitable for kitchen use ; and in season during December.— if. S. C.p. 12. 492. CURTIS. A native of Virginia. The skin is smooth, of a red color ; flesh, juicy and pleasant. Ripe, middle to end of August, — Ken. Amer. Or. 59. 493. CYDER SOP. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish-ovate shape, and yeUow, covered with brownish-red color. — H. S. C. p. 12. 494. DAISY. \ variety cultivated in the Carse of Cowrie orchards, it is a very beautiful, small, sweet fruit, and not common.— J/. C. II. S. iv. 472. 495. DALMAHOY PIPPIN. This is about the size of a Golden Pippin, of a green colbr, and a little streaked with red towards the sun, it has a tolerable good flavor, rather sharp ; and is in eating from September till February. — Fors. Treat, 99. Q '226 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 496. DANVERS WINTER SWEET. Synonyme. — Epse's Sweet. In Massachusetts, from a town in which this variety takes its name, it has for a long time been one of the best market apples ; but we think it inferior to the Ladies' Sweeting. It is an abundant bearer, and a very rapid tree in its growth. Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin, smooth, dull yellow, with an orange blush. Stalk, slender, inclining to one side. Calyx, set in a smooth, narrow basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, and rich. It bakes well, and is fit for use the whole winter, and often till April. Down. Ft. Amer. 108. 497. DARLINGTON PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of an oblate shape, green color, and second-rate quality. — H. S. C. n. 199. 498. DEPTFORD INN. A very small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish shape, brownish-red color ; and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 200. 499. DERBYSHIRE. A medium sized culinary apple, of ovate shape, pale yellow, and red color ; and in use from November till March. — H. S. C. p. 12. 500. DESCIBUS. A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and inferior quality, ripe in November. — H. S. C. p. 12. 501. DETROIT. Synontmes. — Eed Detroit; Black Detroit ; Black Apple; Large Black; Crimson Pippin. Fruit of medium, or rather large size, roundish, somewhat flattened and pretty regular. Stalk, three fourths of an inch long, planted in a deep cavity. Skin, pretty thick, smooth, and glossy, bright crimson at first, but becoming dark blackish purple at maturit}-, somewhat dotted and marbled with specks of fawn color on the sunny side. Calyx, closed, set in a rather deep plaited basin. Flesh, white, (sometimes stained with red to the core in exposed specimens,) crisp, juicy, of agreeable sprightly sub-acid flavor. October to February. — Down. Fr. Amer. 106. 502. LEVON SHIRE GOLDEN BALL. It is large and of globular shape, straw-colored, with a flush of un- striped carmine ; a very beautiful sauce apple, juicy, with an agreeable acid. It is a very useful apple in January and February. The tree grows well, and bears freely. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83. pi. xlii. f. 2. THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 227 503. DEVONSHIRE QUEEN. A beautiful apple, rather large, straw-colored, enriched over three fourths of its surface, with bright red stripes. It is an excellent apple, juicy, and briskly flavored, fit either for the table or for sauce, but particu- larly the latter ; ripe in October. It is a general favorite in the West of England. — Ron. Pyr. Blal 49. pi, xxv. f. I. 504. DEVONSHIRE RED STREAK. An old apple, and highly esteemed in the West of England, it is of middle size, globular, but a little oval, straw-colored, with a good deal of scarlet striping; the flavor is poignant, with plenty of juice and acid. It is excellent either for the dessert, or for cider, and will keep in perfection till January. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 53. pi. xxvii. f 2. 505. DEVONSHIRE WHITE SOUR. A small, oblate, greenish-yellow apple, ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 204. 506. DEVONSHIRE WILDING. Is a favorite sort in North Devon, for the manufacture of rough cider of great strength, so much relished by the laborers of that country. The fruit is of middle size, nearly round, flatted at the ends ; color, yellowish-green, dotted with brown ; the stalk short and thick, and. closely attached to the branch, and hanging long on the tree. The pulp is firm, and well charged with a sharp acid juice. When cider is made of it, alone, the fruit is kept for a month before going to the mill. The tree grows strongly, and rises to rank in the first class in the orchard ; and is, like most of the cider apples, very seldom attacked by the American blight. — Rog. Fr. Cult. ill. 507. DICKSON'S GREENING. A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, green color ; in use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 206. 508. DIETZER ROTHE MANDEL REINETTE, Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a half high ; round. Skin, bright green, changing as it ripens to rich golden-yellow, the greater part washed with light red, which terminates in stripes on the shaded side. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, thin and woody, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity. Flesh, very fine, yellowish, firm, juicy, and with a rich, sugary, aromatic, and musky flavor. A valuable German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe in December, and will keep till summer. The tree is an excellent grower, attains a large size, and is an excellent bearer. — Z)iel Kernobst, xxi. 126. Q 2 3S8 BP.ITISII POMOT.OGY, ETC. 509. DOfiBS'S KERNEL. Is nearly of the same size .as the Golden Pippin, rather broader at the .eye, of a golden color ; perhaps, not quite so rich in flavor, but it has the advantage in growing more freely, and bearing more plentifully, which it does in clusters at the end of pendulous branches ; it is ripe in Novem- ber, and will keep till March or April. This is a seedling from the Golden Pippin, raised by Mr. Dobbs, of Salomons, about four miles from Gloucester, about the year 1760. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 35, pi. xviii. f. 1. 510. DOCKER'S SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use from November till January. — H. S. C. p. 13. SIL DOCKER'S DEVONSHIRE. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape., and striped with red ; in use during December and January. — II.. S. C p. 12. 512. DOCTOR. SvNONYME. — Dewit ; White Doctor ; Yellow Doctor ; Eed Doctor. A medium sized des.sert apple of second-rate quality, roundish shapC;, and striped with yellow and red color ; it is in use from October till January.—//. S. C. n. 207. This is an American variety, and a native of Pennsylvania. 513. DOLLAR'S KERNEL. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use during October and November. — 11. S. C. p. 22. 514. DOMINE. This apple is extensively planted on the Hudson, and bears a very close resemblance to the Rambo, which is not so highly colored. Fruit of medium size, flat. Skin, lively greeni.sh-ycllow in the shade, with stripes and splashes of bright red in the sun, and pretty large russet specks. Stalk, long and slender, planted in a wide cavity, and inclining to one side. Calyx, small, in a broad basin moderately sunk. Flesh, white, exceedingly tender and juicy, with a sprightly, pleasant, though not a high flavor. Young wood of a smooth, lively, light brown, and the trees are the most rapid grower.'^, and prodigious bearers that are known — the branches being literally weighed down by the rope-like clusters of fruit. An American variety, in use from December till April.^ — Down. F/\ Amer. 107. THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 22t> 515. DOMINISKA. Synonymes. — Herrnapfel ; Gotterapfel. A very large and durable apple, often five inches in diameter, and belonging to the Rambour family. It has not only a very rich aroma, but its flesh is very delicious and agreeable. — Christ Ilandvoorterh^ 34. It is in use from December till April. 516. DOOjNSIDE. A Scotch apple peculiar to the Ayrshire orchards, it is of medium size, and first-rate quality as a dessert apple ; in use from September till December. The tree is hard}- and productive. — Laws. Cat. 517. DORSETSHIRE REDSTREAK. A small cider apple, of conical shape, and striped with red ; tree a good bearer.: — //. S. C. p. 33, 518. DOUCE DE BOLWILLER. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, peai-main-shapcd, and brownish-red color, suitable either for culinary use or cider ; it is in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 216. 519. DOWNTON NONPAREIL. A medium sized, sharp, rich flavoi*ed apple, of the first-rate qudlity ; it is of roundish shape, green color, very much covered with russet, and is in use from December till April. — H. S. C. n, 468. 520. DOYENNE. A large acid cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color ; in use from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 218. 521. DREDGE'S QUEEN CHARLOTTE. . This Is a beautiful middle size apple, of a gold color, with red towards the sun. This apple is of an exquisite flavor, comes into eating about Christmas, and keeps till February. — Fors. Treat. 100. 522. DREDGE'S RUSSET. This is a small apple, of a greenish russet color, and of a pleasant flavor. It is I'ipe in November, and keeps till Midsummer. — Fors. Treat. 99. 523. DUCHESS OF YORK'S FAVORITE. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, yellow, and red color, and is in use during November and DecembeA^ — H. S'. Cf, p. 14. 230 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 524. DUTCH FULWOOD. Stnontme. — Late Fulwood. A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, oblong shape, and green color ; it is in use from December till May. — H. S. C. p. 16. 525. DYMMOCK RED. This is under the middle size, of a fine red color, intermixed with a little yellow on the side from the sun, it is ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 100. 526. EARLY JOE. An American dessert apple, of medium size, first-rate quality, and ripe in September. — Riv. Cat. 527. EARLY MARROW. A large cream -colored Scotch apple, of globular form, but contracted towards the eye, and with rather strong ribs ; the stalk slender, and deeply inserted. The fruit is tender and bakes well. It bears well, and is in use in September and October. — Bon. Pi/r. Mai. 7. pi. vi. f. 4. 528. EARLY NEW-YORK. This fruit is more long than round, of a light green color, slightly tinged with red. The pulp is breaking, with much pleasant juice. As the fruit ripen gradually, they may be gathered as wanted, for some time. It ripens about the end of August. The tree is a good bearer in any shape. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 34. 529. EARLY POMEROY. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of conical shape, striped with red, and ripe in October. — H. S. C. p. 32. 530. EARLY RED. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, and red color ; it is in use during September and October. — II. S, C. n. 231. 531. EARLY STRAWBERRY. Stnontme. — • American Ked Juneating. A beautiful variety, which is said to have originated in the neighbour- hood of New-York, and appears in the markets there about the middle of July. Its sprightly flavor, agreeable perfume, and fine appearance, place it among the very finest summer apples. It is quite distinct from the Early Red Margaret, which has no fragrance, and a short stem. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 231 Fruit, roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, smooth, and fair, finely striped and stained with bright and dark red on a yellowish-white ground. Stalk, an inch and a half long, rather slender and uneven, inserted in a deep cavity. Calyx, rather small, in a shallow, narrow basin. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red next the skin, tender, sub- acid, and very sprightly and brisk in flavor, with an agreeable aroma. — Down. Fr. Amer. 73. 532. EDEL KONIG. Stnontme. — Roi Tres Noble. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches high » calville-shaped. Skin, yellowish-green, but for the most part covered with beautiful crimson, which, on the side next the sun, is of a deep purple, approaching to black. Eye, closed, with long green segments, set in a shallow, ribbed, and plaited basin, round which are eight or ten prominent ribs, which extend down the sides even to the stalk, which render the form of the fruit very irregular. Stalk, thick, and often very fleshy, an inch to an inch and a half long, inserted in a deep, wide, and russety cavity. ' Flesh, white, tender, juicy, tinged with pink, of a rich, sugary, and raspberry flavor. An excellent German culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use from October till November. — Diel Kernobst. ii. 1. 533. EDINBURGH CLUSTER. Synontme. — Sir Walter Blacket's Favorite. A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate quality, ovate shape, and yellov/ color ; it is in use from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 235. 534. EGGERMONT'S CALVTLLE. Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half high ; oblate. Skin, somewhat unctuous to the feel, of an uniform clear lemon-yellow color, marked here and there, with lines and figures of russet. Eye, closed, with long segments, set in a rather deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, juicy, marrowy, and of a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor and aroma. An excellent and beautiful dessert apple, ripe in November, and con- tinues during the winter. — Diel Kernobst. vi. B, 3. 535. ELDON PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish shape ; yellow, with brownish-red color ; and in use from January till April— ^. S. a n. 236. 38^ BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 536. EMBROIDERED. APPLE. This is pretty large, and the stripes of red, very broad, from which circumstance it takes its name. It is commonly used as a kitchen apple, and is ripe in October. — Fors. Treat. 101. 537. EMBROIDERED PIPPIN. Stnonyme. — Eeinette Brodee. A gmall dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of roundish shape, yellow color, embroidered with russety veins, and is in use from Novem- ber till January.— R S. C. n. 238. 538. ENGLISCHE GRANAT REINETTE. Stnonyme. — Poniine Granate. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth, of a clear lemon-yellow ground color, but washed iaver two-thirds of the surface with beautiful crimson, which is indistinctly striped. Eye, pretty well closed with short segments, set in a pretty wide, and rather shallow basin, which is somewhat bossed. Stalk, thin and woody, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity, with one, and sometimes two fleshy protuberances. Flesh, yellowish-white, very fine, firm, crisp, and juicy, of a very rich, aromatic, vinous, and sugary flavor, very similar to the Golden Pippin. A first-rate German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues in use during the spring. The tree is not a large grower, being only middle sized ; but it is a great bearer. — Diet Kernohst. xi. 134, 539. EVERLASTING. Stnonyme. — Everlasting Striped. This is below the middle size, of a conical shape. The color is a striped green towards the footstalk, and red towards the eye, it is of third-rate quality ; in use from January till May. — Fors. Treat. 101. 540. FAIR MAID OF FRANCE. A medium sized, roundish, and striped apple, of inferior qualit}'. — H. S. C. p. i5. . 541. FALLAWATER. An American variety, of second-rate quality. It is rather large, regularly formed, and ovato-conical; of a green and brownish-red color; and a very good and productive variety, possessing in some degree a Newtown Pippin flavor. It is in use in January, and suitable either for table or kitchen use.—//. S. C. n. 242. THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 233 542. FAME. A Scotch apple, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but not a common variety.— 3/. C. H. S. iv. 472. 543. FARTHING'S PIPPIN. A small oblate, and green apple, of inferior quality ; in use in Novem- ber—//, s. a p. 15. 544. FLAT ANDERSON. A Scotch variety, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but rare. The fruit is of capital quality, and the tree an excellent bearer, middle sized and hardy. Only one tree in the orchard at Gourdiehill. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472., 645. FLAT NONPAREIL. Differs from the Old Nonpareil, only in being of a flatter shape, and in not keeping so long; but it is a very nice juicy apple. In eating, December, January, and February. The tree grows free of canker, and bears well. — Ron. Fyr. Mai. 68, pi. xxxiv. f. 6. 546. FLETCHER'S KERNEL. A medium sized dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from November to January. — IT. S. C. n. 252. 547. FLEUR DE PRAIREAL. A medium sized, cider apple, of oblate shape, greenish-yellow color; and in-use from November till January. — ff. ,S. C. n. 255. 548. FORFAR PIPPIN. A small dessert apple of first-rate quality, very excellent, and Tcry late ; in use from January till June. — JRiv. Cat 549. FORMOSA NONPAREIL. This variety was raised in the garden of Samuel Young, at Formosa Place, near Maidenhead, and is an extraordinary fine apple, combining the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin. Ilort. Trans, iii. 322. . 550. FLOWER OF THE TOWN.. Stnontmes. — ^Flowery Town ; Red-Streak, of Backhouse of York. A medium sized, second-rate culinary apple, it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from September to November, but is of indifferent quality, though a good bearer. — H. S. C. p. 16. 234 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 551. FRENCH CODLIN. A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a conical sliape> yellow color ; and is in use during August and September. — H. S. C. n. 156. 552. FRENCH RUSSET. Synonymes. — rrench Reinette ; French Pippin. A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, covered with russet ; and in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 739. 553. FRENCH SPANIARD. This is a large apple, in form of a hexagonal prism, with the angles a little rounded, and of a yellowish-green color ; it is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat, n. 102. 554. GAESDONKER GOLD REINETTE. Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; oblate. Skin, thin, pale straw-colored at first, but changing by keeping, to golden-yellow, and washed with pale red on the side exposed to the sun ; it is covered with numerous dots, which are dark crimson on the sunny side, and where much shaded, marked with russet. Eye, partially closed, with long pointed segments, set in a pretty deep cavity. Stalk, woody, sometimes very short, but at others, an inch long, inserted in a very deep and russety cavity. Flesh, white, yellowish, very fine, firm, and juicy, with a rich, aromatic, sugary, and vinous flavor, like that of the Golden Pippin. A valuable German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues in use during the spring. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 59. 555. GARGEY PIPPIN. This is a handsome conical-shaped apple, under the middle size, of a greenish-yellow color, with a little red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till May. — Fors. Treat. 103. 55Q. GENERAL WOLFE. A large apple resembling the Reinette de Canada. It is of a flattened conical shape; yellowish-green and brown color; of second-rate quality, as a kitchen or dessert fruit ; and is in use from November till January. H. S. a n. 263. 557. GESTREIFTER SOMMER ZIMMETAPFEL. Synontme. — La Canelle. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; roundish, inclining to oblong. Skin, very thin and shining, covered with THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 235 bloom when on the tree, straw-white at first, but changes when ripe to lemon-yellow, and on the side next the sun, it is covered with short, broken, crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with long woolly segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch to an inch and a quarter long, sometimes fleshy, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity, with occasionally a fleshy swelling on one side of it. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, juicy, marrowy, and very aromatic, with a sugary flavor, mixed with cinnamon. A very excellent little German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe during August and September. The tree is a good grower, and an excellent bearer. — Diel Kernobst. vi. 43. 558. GILLIFLOWER. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and striped with red ; it is in use from October till February. — H. S. a n. 266. 559. GILLIFLOWER PEARMAIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, pearmain shape, yellow and red color ; and in use from November till March. — H. S. a p. 30. 560. GILPIN. Synontme — Carthouse. A handsome cider fruit from Virginia, which is also a very good table fruit from February till May. A very hardy, vigorous, and fruitful tree. Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin very smooth and hand- some, richly streaked with deep red and yellow. Stalk, short, deeply inserted. Calyx, in a round, rather deep basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy and rich, becoming tender and sprightly in the spring. — Down. Fr. Amer. 144. 561. GLANZ REINETTE. Synontme. — Tyroler Glanzreinette. Fruit, about medium sized, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches high ; roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, tender, smooth, varnished and shining, of a beautiful lemon-color when ripe, with a blush of delicate red on the side next the sun, which is wanting in fruit that is shaded ; strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, half open, with very long green segments, set in a moderately deep and plaited basin, which is surrounded with a few bosses. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, inserted in a rather deep basin, which is lined with fine russet, Flesh, snow-white, very fine, marrowy, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. A very beautiful waxen-like apple, of German origin; it is ripe in December, and continues in use during the spring. The tree is a very strong grower, forming a beautiful round-headed tree ; and is very fruitful. A valuable apple. — Diel Kernobst. xi. 78. 236 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 562. GLORY OF BOUGHTON. A large culinary apple, of a round figure, yellow color ; and in use during October.—^. S. C. n. 272. 563. GOLD REINETTE VON BORDEAUX. Stnontme. — Bordeauer Gold Reinette. Fruit, xery large ; obtuse pearmain-shaped. Skin, tbin, greenish- yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to a fine rich yelloAv, on the side exposed to the sun, it is washed with bright red, and on the shaded side, it is marked with flakes and figures of russet, the whole surface covered with grey russety dots. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, tender, and juicy, with a rich, aromatic, and sugary flavor. A beautiful and very valuable apple ; it is ripe in December, and keeps till March. The tree is a good grower, but does not attain a large size. — Dittrich Handb. i. 419. 564. GOLDEN BALL. A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, yellow and red color ; and in use during August and September. — H.IS.C. p. 17. 565. GOLDEN GLOUCESTER. This if. a handsome middle-sized apple, of a flat shape, and a gold color ; with red towards the sun. This is a good apple, and keeps till March. — Fo7's. Treat. 104. BQQ. GOLDEN NONPAREIL. A small, handsome, dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a round shape, yellow and russet color ; and is in use from December till February.—^. S. C. n. 473. 567. GOLDEN WORCESTER. A small dessert apple, of perfectly spherical shape; a rich golden- color, very slightly tinged with red ; the eye and stalk, both prominent ; • the flesh firm, well-flavored, and yellow as the skin. The fruit keeps till January ; before gathering it has a beautiful effect, appearing like golden balls, among the leaves of the tree, which are of light airy growth, • This is also an excellent cider apple. — Boji. Pyr. Mai. 2F>, pi. xiii. f 4. 568.— GRAND SHACHEM. A showy, lai-ge, dark, blood-red fruit, but rather coarse, and scarcely worth cultivation. Fruit, very large, roundish, distinctly ribbed, and- THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 23.7 ! regular in its outline. Stalk, short and strong, and calyx set m H well marked basin. Skin, smooth, deep dingy red over the whole .surface. Flesh, wlute, rather dry, and without much flavor. September. Down Fr. Amer, 86. o69.— GRAUCH DOUCE. A cider apple of large si?;e, round shape, and striped with red ; it is in use during October and November.—^. S. C. a,. 296. o70. GREAVES'S PIPPIN. A large culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in September. — • Riv. Cat. 571. GREEN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a round shape and green color ; keeps very sound from January till June, and is less acid than the Winter Greening or French Crab, but not so juicy. — //. S. a n. 299. 572. GREEN BALSAM. A culinary apple of medium size, roundish shape, yellowish-green color, and in use during December and January. — fl. S. C. n. 300. 573. GREEN DRAGON. This is a fine large apple, of an excellent flavor, and pale-green color. It is rather too large for the table, and is therefore mo.stly used as a kit- chen apple. It keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 105. 574. GREEN EYELET. A small cider apple, of roundish figure and green color. — H. S. C. n. 301. 575. GREEN LEADINGTON. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of coni- cal shape, green color, and in use during September and October. — //. jS. a n. 400. 576. GREEN EVERLASTING. A small apple of inferior quality, roundish shape, and green color ; it is in use during March and April. — H. S. C. p. 18. 577. GREEN LANGLAST. A scotch apple, much grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree i^ a most expellent bca,rer ; fruit of capital quality when kept j 238 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. tree, middle size, bears well. The Green Virgin, the Standard, and Green Langlast, may be reckoned the most profitable winter apples in this district.— J/. C. H. S. iv. 471. 578. GREEN VIRGIN. Tree an excellent bearer ; bears when young ; fruit keeps well, is of good quality, and of a fine yellow when kept. This is one of the most valuable apples in the Carse of Gowrie, but only known in Gourdiehill Orchard ; tree healthy, middle sized. — 31. C. H. S. iv, 471. 579. GREEN WINE A variety peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, in Perthshire. Fruit, of excellent quality, tree bears well, but sickly when old. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 580. GREY QUEENING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval shape, green and russety color ; and is in use from December till February.— i?. S. C. n. 609. 581. GRIDDLETON PIPPIN. This is a large angular-shaped apple, of a green color, with a little blush towards the sun. It is a baking apple, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 105. 582. GROSSER EDLER PRINZESSINAPFEL. Synonyme. — Princesse Noble, ace. Diet. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about the same in height ; somewhat conical. Skin, tender, covered with a bloom when on the tree, and of a pale, waxen, yellowish-green, which changes to deep yellow color as it ripens ; covered on the side exposed to the sun, with broken stripes of beautiful crimson, and paler stripes on the shaded side. Eye, closed, continues long green, set in a moderately deep basin, which is surrounded Avith plaits, and small warts. Stalk, very short and stout, sometimes only a fleshy knob, and set in a deep, wide, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, and of a very pleasant, strong cinnamon, vinous, and sugary flavor. A very excellent Dutch apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe in November, and continues during the winter. The tree is a good grower, but does not attain over the middle size, and is an early and excellent bearer. — Diel Kernobst. xi 24. 583. GROSSE RHEINISCHER BOHNAPFEL. Fruit, large, three inches broad, and the same in height ; somewhat conical. Skin, smooth, tender, greenish-yellow at first, but changing by THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 239 keeping to clear pale yellow, and on the side exposed to the sun, it is marked with pale red stripes, mixed with darker red. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, sometimes only a fleshy knob, and set in a shallow and russety cavity. Flesh, very white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a somewhat aromatic and sweet flavor, without any acid. An excellent German culinary apple," ripe in January, and continuing in use till July. The tree is a strong and good grower, very beautiful, with fine dark green, and shining foliage ; it is a good bearer. — Diel Kernobst. i. 220. 584. HAMPSHIRE NONESUCH. This is a pretty large, well-shaped apple, of a greenish-yellow color, streaked with red, it keeps till the latter end of November. — Fors. Treat. 106. 585. HAMPSTEAD SWEETING. A middle sized cider apple, of ovate shape, and green and yellow color.— IT. S. C. p. 19. 586. HAGGERSTON PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape, green and red color, and is in use from November till April. — H. S. C. n. 318. 587. HARRISON. New Jersey is the most celebrated cider making district in America, and this apple which originated in Essex county of that state, has long enjoyed the highest reputation as a cider fruit. Ten bushels of these apples make a barrel of cider. The tree grows thrivingly, and bears very large crops. It is of medium size, and ovate shape, yellow color, rich flavor, and producing a high colored cider of great body. The fruit is very free from rot, falls easily from the tree about the first of November, and keeps well. The best cider of this variety, is worth from six to ten dollars a barrel, in New-York. — Down. Fr. Amer. 145. 588. HARRISON'S NEWARK. A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color. — H. S. C.p. 19. 589. HARVEY'S RUSSET. A Cornish apple. This is a large russet-colored apple, with a little red towards the sun. This is a famous kitchen fruit, and tolerably good raw. It has a musky flavor. — Fors. Treat. 106. S 'MO BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 590. HAY'S EARLY. A culinary apple, of medium size, oblate shape, and yellow striped with red color, it is ripe iu August. — II. S. C. n. 325. 591. HEDGE APPLE. A new fruit of middle sized, and handsome conical shape, red towards the sun, and a straw-color on the other side. This apple is of a tolerably good flavor, and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 107. 592. HEREFORDSHIRE MONSTER. A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color ; in use in December.—^. S. C. p. 19. 593. HENRY'S WEEPING PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval shape, yellow color, and in use from December till February. — H. S. C, n. 330. 594. HILL'S SEEDLING. A Scotch apple raised in the Carse of Gowrie. It is rather large, roundish and flattened, of a pale-green color, with a tinge of red next the sun. It is a good early culinary apple, in use from the end of August till October. The tree has much of the habit and appearance of the Hawthornden, and quite as good a bearer. 595. HOARE'S SEEDLING. A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, with red next the sun ; and in use during December and January. — //. S. C. n. 335. 596. HOGSHEAD. This is a small red fruit, the flesh is red, and the taste austere. This is a cider apple, ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 108. There seems to be another variety known by this name, which is described in the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, as of a greenish- yellow color, and ovate shape. 597. HOLLOW-EYED REINETTE. This is a Cornish variety. It is a handsome flat-shaped apple, imder the middle size ; of a greenish-yellow color, sometimes intermixed with russet. This fruit is of an excellent flavor, and keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 107. 598. HOME'S LARGE. A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red ; it is in use from October till December. — H. S. C, n. 342. THE APPLE. — ITS VAPvIETIES. 241 599. HORSLIN. A dessert apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an ovate shape, pale yellow color, and is in use during November, and December.—^. S. C. p. 20. 600. HOUSE. Synonyme. — Grey House. A small cider apple, of an oval shape, green on the shaded side, and red on the other ; it is in use in January. — H. S. C. n. 344. 601. HOW'S PIPPIN. A dessert apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, skin covered with russet, and in use from October till December.—^. S. C. n. 345. 602. HUBBARDSTON NONESUCH. A fine large early winter fruit, which originated in the town of Hubbardstone, Massachusetts, and is of first-rate quality. The tree is a vigorous grower, forming a handsome branching head, and bears very large crops. It is worthy of extensive orchard culture. Fruit, large, roundish-oblong, much narrower near the eye. Skin, smooth, striped with splashes, and irregular broken stripes of pale, and bright red, which nearly cover a yellowish ground. The calyx, open, and the stalk short, in a russeted hollow. Flesh, yellow, juicy, and tender, with an agreeable mingling of sweetness, and acidity in its flavor. October to January. — Down. Fr. Amer. 113. 603. HULBERT'S PRINCESS ROYAL. A seedling from the Golden Harvey, but larger ; flesh more tender, and equally rich. It is a small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; and ripe in May. — Riv. Cat. 604. HULBERT'S VICTORIA. A rich and excellent dessert apple, of small size, first-rate quality, and in use from April till May. — Riv. Cat. 605. HUNT'S ROYAL NONPAREIL. Of medium size, roundish and somewhat flattened. Skin, yellowish- green, marked with russet. Flesh, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. This is said to be quite distinct from Hunt's Duke of Gloucester, with which Lindley makes it synonymous. — Maund Fruit. 25. 606. HUNTINGFORD. A medium sized culinary apple, of conical shape, and very bright red color ; it is in use from January till April. — H. S. C. p. 20. R 242 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 607. HUTCHINSON'S SPOTTED. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape ; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 349. 608. INCOMPARABLE. A large kitchen apple of a roundish and flattened shape, prominently ribbed on the sides, skin, greenish-yellow, it is ripe in October. — If. S. C. n. 351. 609. IRON APPLE. A small apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or dessert use, it is of a green and brownish color, and keeps for twelve months. — II. S. C. p. 21. 610. IVES'S SEEDLING. A culinary apple of the middle size, and second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and is in use from November till January.—^. S. C. p. 21. 611. JACK CADE. A variety met with in some of the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The fruit is very acid, would do for cider, or for giving pungency to tarts. — M. a H. S. iv. 473. 612. JACKSON'S PIPPIN. Synonymk. — Middleton Pippin. A small early apple, but only of third-rate quality, it is of a roundish- oblate shape, yellow color, and is ripe in August. — H. S. C. p. 21. 613. JEFFREYS'S SEEDLING. A variety raised by Jeffreys, of the Brompton Park nursery, nearly a hundred years ago. It is a large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and is in use from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 363. 614. JENNY SINCLAIR. A Scotch dessert apple, of medium size, roundish shape, and brownish- red color.— iy. S. a ^.21. 615. JERSEY. A small cider apple, of conical shape, red color, and in use during November and December. A bitter-sweet. — H. S. C. ip. 21. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 243 616. JOHN APPLE. A small cider apple, of first-rate quality, it is pearmain-shaped ; skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun ; it is in use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 366. 617. JONATHAN. The Jonathan is a very beautiful dessert apple, and its great beauty, good flavor, vigorous growth, and productiveness, unite to recommend it to orchard planters. Fruit, of medium size ; regularly formed, roundish-ovate or tapering to the eye. Skin, thin and smooth, the ground clear light yellow, nearly covered by lively red stripes, and deepening into brilliant, or dark red in the sun. Stalk, three-fourths of an inch long, rather slender, inserted in a deep regular cavity. Calyx, set in a deep, rather broad basin. Flesh, white, rarely a little pinkish, very tender and juicy, with a mild sprightly flavor. This fruit evidently belongs to the Spitzemburgh class. November to March. The original tree is growing on the farm of Mr. Philip Rick, of Kingston, New- York. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 113. 618. JORDBAERAEBLE. A Danish variety, of medium size, and for dessert use. It is of an ovate shape, striped with red, and is ripe during August and September. H. S. a n. 369. 619. KANTET JORDBAERAEBLE. A Danish variety, for kitchen use. It is round, with prominent ribs on the sides, and of a red color. — II. S. C. n. 370. 620. KEDDLESTON PIPPIN. A Derbyshire table apple, of middle size, straw-color, slightly russeted, of a globular shape, rather pointed towards the eye, it is a highly flavored juicy fruit, and has the peculiar property of keeping in perfection from October till January. The tree grows well and bears freely. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 26, pi. xiii. f 7. 621. KENTISH CODLIN. A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, greenish -yellow color, and is ripe during August and September. — M. S. C. n. 157. 622. KERNEL PEARMAIN. This is a small handsome apple, red towards the sun, and of a yellowish-green, mixed with red on the other side. It is of a good flavor, and keeps till the middle of May. — Fors. Treat. 109. R 2 244 ■nRITISIT rOMOLOGY, ETC G23. KENRICK'S AUTUMN. Synonyme. — Kenrick's Red Autumii. A handsome apple, of second quality. Fruit, large, roundish, much flattened at the base. Stalk, long, projecting beyond the fruit a good deal, set in a close cavity. Skin, pale yellowish-green, striped and stained with bright red. Flesh, white, a little stained with red, tender, juicy, and of a sprightly acid flavor. September. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 87. This variety originated on the farm of John Kenrick, Esq., in Newton, Massachusetts. 624. KERNEL RED STREAK. This is of a greenish-yellow, with broad streaks of a dark red alt over it, and a yellow ground finely speckled with red next the sun. — Fors. Treat. 109. 625. KESTON PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of round shape, red and yellow color, and in use from October till December. — H. S. C. p. 22. 626. KILKENNY CODLIN. A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a round shape, yellow color, and is ripe during August and September. — IT. S. C. n. 159. 627. KING HARRY. A middle sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is pearmain- shaped, with a russety skin ; and is in use from November till January. — H. S. a n. 382. 628. KING ROBERT. A Scotch apple, cultivated in some orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, but not commonly met with. It is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 629. KING WILLIAM. Raised from Dumelow's Seedling. Large, conical, yellow, dotted*with russet; a most excellent culinary variety, in use from October till April. — Mid. Flor. 630. KIRKE'S GOLDEN PIPPIN. Synonymes. — New Golden Pippiu ; New Cluster Golden Pippin ; Dredge's Golden Pippin. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and yellow color. It is in use from December till March. A. great bearer, but inferior in quality to the Golden Pippin. — //. S. C. n. 286. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. ^45 631. KIRTON PIPPIN. Stnontme. — Cracked Pippin. This is a middle sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color, with little dark spots. The coat is generally rough towards the footstalk. This is a good apple for the table, and comes into eating in September. — Fors. Treat. 111. 632. KNIGHT'S LARGE. A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; it is in use during September and October. — H. S. C, n. 387. 633. KNIGHT'S LEMON PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary use, or the dessert. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from November till February. — H. S. C. n. 407. 634. KNOTTED KERNEL. A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use during October and November. — H. S. C. n. 379. 635. KNOTTED NORMAN. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from December till February. — ff. S, C. p. 28. 636. KONIGS REINETTE. Synoxtme. — Reinette Doree Royale. A very beautiful, long-keeping, dessert apple, it is oblate and ribbed on the sides, and round the eye like a Calville, and rather above medium size, being three inches wide, and two and a half high. The skin, when ripe, is of a fine lemon-color, with a fine blood-red cheek on one side. The flesh is yellowish-white, very fine, firm, and very juicy, with a rich, vinous, and sugary flavor. It ripens in December, and continues throughout the summer, without shrivelling. — Diel Kernobst. ii. B. 127. 637. KRAPPE KRUIN. A middle sized culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of conical shape, and covered with russet ; and is in use from October till March. — H. S. C. n. 390. 638. KRAUTER REINETTE. A medium sized, very valuable, and highly flavored German dessert apple. It is two inches high, and two and a half broad ; roundish. 246 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The skin is tender and smooth, pale bright green when on the tree, but changing during winter, to a beautiful rich yellow, with a little green intermixed. Eye, half open, set in a wide, deep, saucer-like basin. Stalk, an inch long, woody, but sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep cavity, lined with fine russet. Flesh, white, very fine, juicy, marrowy, and with a powerful aromatic and sugary flavor. Ripe in December and continues in use during the whole of the summer. — Diel Kernobst. xi. 114. 639. KRIZAPFEL. A Russian apple, somewhat transparent. It is of medium size, second- rate quality, and suitable for the dessert ; its form is conical, the skin, pale green, and is in use during December. — H. S. C. n. 391. 640. LADIES' SWEETING. The I^adies' Sweeting, we consider the finest winter sweet apple for the dessert, yet known or cultivated in this country (America.) Its handsome appearance, delightful perfume, sprightly flavor, and the long time in which it remains in perfection, render it universally admired wherever it is known, and no garden should be without it. The fruit is large, roundish-ovate. Skin, very smooth, covered with red next the sun, but pale yellowish-green in the shade, with broken stripes of pale red. Flesh, greenish-white, exceeding tender, juicy, and crisp, with a delicious, sprightly, agreeably perfumed flavor. Keeps without shrivelling, or losing its flavor till May. — Dotvn. Fr. Amer. 136. 641. LADY LENNOX. Large and handsome, lemon-colored, pale red next the sun, and striped with deeper red. An excellent culinary apple, in use from November till April. It was raised from the Rymer, and is a favorite variety in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Mid. Flor. 642. LADY LOUISA PIPPIN. A small apple, of inferior quality, oblate shape, and pale yellow color, it is in use during December. — H. S. C. p. 23. 643. LADY OF THE WEMYSS. A large and handsome Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or dessert use, it is of a roundish shape, pale green on the shaded side, but red next the sun ; and is in use from October till January. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer. — Laws. Cat. 644. LANCASHIRE GAP. Stnonyme. — Shirellng. A medium sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till February. — H. S. C. n. 393. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 247 645. LANCASHIRE WITCH. A handsome culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, but red towards the sun ; and is in season from October to December. — //. S. C. n. 394. 646. DE LANDE. Stnonyme — Fleur de Prairial. A large culinary apple of oblong shape, striped with red, and in use during September and October. — H. S. C. n. 395. 647. LARGE LEADINGTON. A large kitchen apple, of oblong shape, and green color. — JI. S. C. n. 402. 648. LAWMAN'S. A medium sized dessert apple of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate shape, yellow color, with brownish-red towards the sun ; and is in use from March till June.— ^. S. C. n. 399. 649. LAWRENCE'S NEW WHITE PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, conical shape, pale green color, and in use from December till February. — II. S. C. p. 23. 650. LEITHEIMER STREIFLING. Stnonyme. — Kaiserheimer. Fruit, large, three inches high, and the same broad ; somewhat coni- cal. Skin, shining, bright green, which changes when ripening to deep lemon-yellow, covered all over with shining carmine, which is darker on the side next the sun, and paler on the shaded side ; on this red there are beautiful crimson stripes, which are dazzling to the eyes. Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and much ribbed basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, beautiful white, somewhat redish, very fine, but not juicy, and of a rich, aromatic, sweet, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and continues during the spring and summer. — Diet Kernobst. viii. 186. 651. LEMON APPLE. A medium sized, second-rate dessert apple, it is of roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use during December and January. — H. S. C.p. 23. This is not the same as the Lemon Pippin. — H. 652. LEYDEN PIPPIN. A good early dessert apple, of medium size, and first-rate quality, resembling the White Astrachan. It is of a roundish-shape ; skin, pale 248 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. green, with red towards the sun ; ripe during August and September. The tree is a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 408. 653. LITTLE BEAUTY. This is a small table apple, spherical, a little flattened ; yellow with a brownish tinge on the suu side, and sprinkled with dark points, it is of a rich flavor, but rather dry. The tree grows upright, and bears so abundantly, as sometimes to cause barrenness the succeeding season. The fruit has the peculiar good quality of adhering so firmly to the branches, that the wind scarcely ever dislodges it. It will keep through the winter, and is well worth cultivating. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 25, pi. xiii. f. 5. 654. LITTLE HERBERT. A variety cultivated in the districts round Gloucester, it is a small, round apple, of a brown russety color, and though not of a first-rate quality, is a good flavored dessert fruit. The tree is a shy bearer. In use from December till February. — H. 655. LITTLE HOLLOW CROWN. Synonyme. — Diepe Kopjis. A small apple, of second-rate quality, oval shape, yellow color, and in use during November and December. — H. S. C. p. 23. 656. LOCK'S SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January. — JI. S. C.p. 23. 657. LONG LASTER. This is a middle sized apple, of an angular shape, and fine yellow color, with a beautiful red next the sun. It is of a tolerable flavor, and keeps till the middle of May, but is apt to be meally. — Fors. Treat. 112. 658. LONG SEAM. This is a large angular-shaped baking apple, of a pretty good flavor, and light green color ; it keeps till the latter end of January — Fors. Treat. 113. 659. LORD BATEMAN'S DUMPLING, A large kitchen apple, of conical shape, yellow color, and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 412. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 249 660. LORD CHENEY'S GREEN. This is a middle sized Yorkshire apple, resembling the Yorkshire Greening ; it is of a dark green color, with a little of a chocolate color next the sun. This is a baking apple, and keeps till the middle of M2Ly.—Fors. Treat 113. 661. LUCAS'S PIPPIN. This is a handsome, middle sized, cylindrical-shaped apple ; and of a beautiful orange color. A pretty good fruit, and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 113. 662. MACBETH. A Scotch variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, but rare. The tree is a good bearer. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 474. • 663. MACLEAN. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree gets diseased when old, requires to be planted in ground new to fruit trees ; fruit keeps well, of excellent quality, and weighs exceedingly heavy. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 472. 664. MACLEAN'S FAVORITE. A variety of the highest excellence as a dessert fruit, it is of medium size, and roundish shape ; skin, of a yellow color ; and in use from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 419. 665. MAGGIE DUNCAN. A Scotch apple, grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. Tree an excellent bearer ; a valuable orchard apple, though not commonly cultivated ; fruit, very sweet. — 31. C. B. S. iv. 474. 666. MAIDEN. A Scotch apple, raised by Mr. Brown, of the Perth nursei-y. Tree, an excellent bearer ; fruit, very acid ; but one of the best kitchen apples that grows, does not keep well. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 474. 667. MALTSTER. A Nottinghamshire apple, for kitchen use. It is a very fine variety, and is in use just before the late-keeping kinds. The tree is a great bearer, and a free grower. — 3Iid. Flor. 668. MANSFIELD TART. This is a large Nottingham apple, but most known in Yorkshire. It is handsome, and of a green color, having a little cast of a brownish-red 950 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. with dark spots next the sun. A baking apple and keeps till February. Fors. Treat. 114. 669. MARGATE NONPAREIL. This very much resembles the Nonpareil in size, in shape, and even in color, except that the yellow predominates over the green, more than in the Nonpareil. The flesh is yellowish, intermixed with green, juicy, rich, and high flavored. It will keep six weeks in perfection, and is an excellent intermediate fruit, between the summer and winter Nonpareils. It was raised by John Boys, Esq., in his garden, at Margate, from seed of the Old Nonpareil. — Hort, Trans, v. 268. 670. MARMORIRTER SOMMERPEPPING. A medium sized, ovate, culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is red and striped, and is ripe in September. — H. S. C. n. 430. 671. MARYGOLD PIPPIN. A medium sized apple of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during October and November. — H. S. C. p. 25. 672. MASTERS'S SEEDLING. A good Kentish apple, in use from November till February. The fruit is above the middle size, and of a regular round shape ; color dark green, tinged with red on one side, but yellow when ripe, the pulp is very firm, and charged with a fine, agreeable, acid juice. The tree is of robust growth, hardy, and not liable to blight, and well deserves the character of being a first-rate bearer, of the first class in the orchard. — Bog. Fr. Cult. 52. 673. MASON'S WHITE. Stnontme. — Mason's Early. A medium sized early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, pale yellow color, and is ripe during August — H. S. C. n. 432. 674. MASS AVIS. Stnonyme. — Pomme d'ltalie. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and green color, with brown towards the sun, the tree is a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 433. 675. MAY GENNET. This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish-yellow color, slightly streaked with red next the sun. This apple keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 114. THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 251 676. MENONISTEN REINETTE. A very beautiful, and important German dessert apple ; it is above the middle size, and of a roundish flattened shape, the skin is yellow, with a dark flush on the side next the sun, and considerably marked with russet. The flesh is very fine, firm, and juicy, and of a very good aromatic, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and continues during the spring. — Diel Kernobst. x. 169. 677. MERMAID. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, but is not common. The fruit keeps well, and is of good quality. — M. a H. S. iv. 474. 678. MERVEILLE DE PORTLAND. A medium sized culinary apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical shape, yellow color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. p. 25. 679. MICHAEL HENRY PIPPIN. A New Jersey fruit, a native of Monmouth county, first described by Coxe, and highly esteemed in many parts of the middle states of America. It is of medium size, roundish-oblong, or ovate, somewhat like the Newtown Pippin. Skin, of a lively green color. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and high flavored ; In use from November till March. — Down. Fr. Amer. 118. 680. DE MICHE. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and ripe in December. — H. S. C. p. 25. 681. MILLER'S GLORY. A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an ovate shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January.—//. S. C. n. 438. 682. MOGG'S LONG KEEPER. A middle sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, striped with red, and in use from January till March. — //. S'. C. p. 41. 839. SMITH'S BEAUTY OF NEWARK. A medium sized dessert apple ; of ovate shape, yellow color, with red towards the sun, and in use during September and October. — H. S. C. n. 38. 840. SOMERSETSHIRE DEUX ANS. A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow color, with red towards the sun. — II. S. C. n. 203. 841. SONNETTE. A medium sized cider apple of ovate shape, and greenish-yellow color j a bitter-sweet. — II. S. C. n. 783. 842. SOUTH CAROLINA PIPPIN. A very large and handsome American apple, of first-rate quality, and suitable either for culinary or dessert use. It is round, yellow, and in use in December. — Laios. Cat. 843. SOVEREIGN. This is a large sized fruit, measuring from ten to twelve inches in circumference, nearly round; but with some irregular ridging. The 272 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. color is a fine red, suffused nearly all over, only deeper next the sun ; the flesh is breaking ; the juice, rich, vinous, and abundant. Most of the fruit, have a singular mark or patch on one side, of a russet color, about the size of a Sovereign, whence the name. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 41. 844. SPANIARD. This is a good sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color. It is said to have taken this name from the grafts being at first brought from Spain, it is used for tarts in Cornwall, but is a very indifferent apple to eat raw, and is a shy bearer, It will keep till April. — Fors. Treat. 127. 845. SPANISH ONION. This is a handsome round apple, of a russet color, with a dull red towards the sun. This apple which is rather below the middle size, is very good for the dessert, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 128. 846. SPANISH PEARMAIN. This is a middle sized oblong apple, of a carnation color, and dark red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the beginning of May. — Fors. Treat. 127. 847. SPATBLUHENDE. Synontmes. — Spatbliihender Matapfel ; Maetapfel a Fleurs Tardives. A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes ; it is of an oblong shape striped with red ; and in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 784. 848. SPENCER'S PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, suitable for dessert use, but more properly for culinary purposes. It is round. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine deep yellow color when ripe, with a slight tinge of red on one side. A good flavored apple ; in use from January till May. — Fors. Treat. 128. 849. SPICE REINETTE. This is a handsome apple, below the middle size, red towards the sun, and yellow on the other side. — Fors. Treat. 127. 850. STANDARD. A variety cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is a most excellent bearer, and bears young ; fruit, much esteemed, gets a beautiful golden color, when well ripened ; tree, middle sized, with very black wood, woolly leaves, and extreemly thick bark ; a rare variety.— iHf. C. ff. S. iv. 472. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 273 80 1. STIRLING CASTLE. A large Scotch apple, raised near Stirling ; of first-rate quality as a culinary apple. It is in use from November till December. — Laios. Cat. 852. STONYROYD PIPPIN. A Yorkshire apple, raised in the garden of Mrs. Rawson, of Halifax, from the seed of an imported American variety, and first exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, in 1822. It is roundish, of medium size, and yellow color. It is of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or dessert apple, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 805. 853. STOUP LEADINGTON. A large Scotch culinary apple, of good quality ; it is of an oblong shape, skin yellowish-green, and in use from September till November. II. S. C. p. 23. 854. STRAAT. This is an autumn fruit. It is stated to be tender, juicy, well flavored, and according to Mr. Buel, in excellence, it is not surpassed by any fruit in its season ; a native of America. — Ken. Amer. Or. 39. 855. STRIPED NONPAREIL. RUSSET. This is a handsome apple, of a greenish-russet color, with a little brownish-red towards the sun. It is about the size of a large Nonpareil, is ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 127. 856. STRODE-HOUSE PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of a roundish shape, yellow color, and ripe in November. — H. S. C. n. 806. 857. STUBTON NONPAREIL. A small dessert apple, of flrst-rate quality. It is of a roundish-shape, and greenish-yellow color ; rich and sugary flavor, and ripe from January till March.— ^. S. C. n. 483. 858. SUDBURY BEAUTY. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape ; skin, a yellow color ; in use from October till January. — JI. S. C. n. 809. 859. SUMMER GILLIFLOWER. Stnontmes. — Summer July Flower ; Russian. A large dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish 274: BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. shape, striped with red, and comes into use in September. The tree is a great bearer. — JI. S. C. n. 268. 860. SUMMER HEDGING. A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and red color. — If. S. C. n. 812. 861. SUMMER MARIGOLD. It is a handsome fruit, and a great favorile in the West of England, particularly in South Devon. Rather larger than the Golden Pippin, it is of a fine light red, with deeper streaks of the same color, on the sun side. The flesh is breaking, and the juice pleasant, and abundant. It is a prolific bearer, and makes a fine orchard standard tree of the third class, but will bear well in any way. Ripens in the end of August, Rog. Fr. Cult. 31. 862. SUMMER QUEEN. A medium sized American apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for culinary purposes. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, pale yellow on the shaded side, and red striped towards the sun ; ripe during August and September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 77. 863. SUMMER ROSE. Synonyme. — Woolman's Harvest. A small apple, of second-rate quality, properly speaking a culinary apple, but suitable also for dessert use ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and ripe in August. — Down. Fr. Amer. 77. An American variety. 864. SUMMER STIBBERT. Synonymes. — Summer Queening, of some. Avant Tout Hative. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; of a conical shape, yellow color, and ripe in August. The tree is a good bearer. — H. S. C. p. 42. 865. SUMMER SWEET PARADISE. A Pennsylvania fruit, sent to us by J. B. Garber, Esq. , a zealous fruit grower of Columbia, in that state. It is a large, fair, sweet apple, and is certainly one of the finest of its class, for the dessert. The tree is an abundant bearer, begins to bear while young, and is highly deserving general cultivation. It has no affinity to the paradise apple used for stocks. Fruit, quite large, round and regular in its form, a little flattened at both ends. Skin, rather thick, pale green, sometimes faintly tinged with yellow in the sun, and very distinctly marked with numerous, large, THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 275 dark grey dots. Stalk, strong, set in an even and moderately deep cavity. Flesh, tender, crisp, very juicy, Avith a sweet, rich, aromatic flavor. Ripe in August and September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 96. 866. SUSSEX. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate shape, pale green color, with red towards the sun, and ripe in Novem- ber.—ZT. S. C. p. 42. 867. SUSSEX SCARLET PEARMAIN. A medium sized dessert apple ; of pearmain shape, red color ; and in use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 560. 868. SWAAR. This is a truly noble American fruit, produced by the Dutch settlers on the Hudson, near Esopus, and so termed from its unusual weight, this word in low Dutch, meaning heavy. It requires a deep, rich sandy loam, to bring it to perfection, and in its native soils, we have seen it twelve inches in circumference, and of a deep golden yellow color. It is one of the finest flavored apples in America, and deserves extensive cultivation in all favorable positions, though it does not succeed well in damp cold soils. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 134. 869. SWEDISH EARLY SAUCE. A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni- cal shape, striped with red, and ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 817. 870. SWEET LADING. A Sussex cider apple, of medium size and good quality ; it is of an oblate shape, striped with red ; and is in use in November. — H. S. C. p. 43. 871. SWEET LITTLE WILDING. A small cider apple. — H. S. C. p. 43. 872. SWEET PINTSTOUP. A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a good bearer, but not common — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 873. SWEET PIPPIN. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during October and November. — II. S. C n. 818, T 2 276 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 874. SWEET RUSSET. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 875. SWEETING RUSSET. A medium sized apple for kitchen use ; it is of a roundish shape, russet color, and in use from January till March. — H. S. C. n. 751. 876. SYMONDS'S BRAINTON, A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color. — H. S. a n. 81. 877. SYMONDS'S NONPAREIL. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape ; skin, green, covered with russet, and in use in December. — H. S. C. n. 485. 878. TANKERTON. A conical-shaped yellow apple, with sometimes a little blush towards the sun. This is an excellent sauce apple, and bakes well. It is of an agreeable taste, but too large for the table. It will keep till February. — Fors. Treat. 128. 879. TANKERVILLE. A small apple of inferior quality ; it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and is ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 43. 880. TETOFSKY. A handsome medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblong figure ; skin, striped with red, ripe in August and September.— H. S. C. n. 828. 881. TEWKESBURY WINTER BUSH. An American apple, described by Coxe. He says it was brought from Tewksbury, Hunterdon County, N. J. It is a handsome fair fruit, with more flavor and juiceness than is usual in long keeping apples. They may be kept till August without particular care, quite plump and sound. The size is small, rather flat. The skin, smooth, yellow, with a red cheek. Flesh, yellow. The tree grows rapidly and straight, and the fruit hangs till late in the autumn. January to July. — Down Fr. Amer. 140. 882. THICKSET. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an un- commonly great bearer, and the fruit of good quality. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES, 277 883. THORESBY SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a pearmain sliape, red color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 831. 884. TOM POTTER. A much esteemed Devonshire apple, of middle size, contracted about the eye, which is in a small cavity, and surrounded by wrinkles ; the ground color yellow, richly striped and blotched with bright red. It is a juicy, high flavored table apple, ripe in September and October. A healthy growing tree, but rather uucertaia in bearing. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 37, pi. xix. f. 2. 885. TOTTENHAM PARK CODLIN. The fruit is tall, generally square, with a large eye, in a deep cavity, and flattened at the base. Its color, is dull green. The flesh firm, and juicy, and when dressed, is very soft and high flavored. The tree is healthy, and a great bearer. — Hort. Trans, iii. 328. 886. TRANSPARENT DE ZURICH. A medium sized cider apple, of conical shape, pale yellow color, and in use during September and October. The tree is a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 836. 887. TRAVELLER. A medium sized dessert apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate shape ; skin, striped with red, and in use from November till Febuary. — II. S. C. p. 44. 8S8. TRAVELLING QUEEN. A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; roundish shape ; skin, striped with red ; and in use from November till January. — If. S. C. p. 44. 889. TREVOIDER REINETTE. This is a small, handsome, russet-colored apple, of an excellent flavor ; and will keep till May. — Fors. Treat. ] 28. 890. TULIP WINE. A Carse of Gowrie apple ; inferior in quality to the Green Wine. — M. a H. S. iv. 474. 891. TURPIN. A medium sized apple, for kitchen use, it is of an ovate shape, yellow color ; and in use from November till May. — H. S. C. n. 842. 278 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 892. TWICKENHAM. A large kitchen apple ; of broad conical shape, striped with red, and in use from September till October. — H. S. C. n. 843, 893. TWIN WINE. A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is a good bearer, the fruit very beautiful, and sometimes twined together. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 894. TWO YEARLING. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and keeps from May till July. — H. S. C. p. 44. 895. UNDERLEAF. A medium sized cider apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun ; and in use in December. — H. 8. C. p. 44. 896. VALLEYFIELD PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, green on the shaded side, red, towards the sun ; and ripe in September. The tree is a good bearer. — H. 8. C. n. 844. 897. VAN PIPPIN. This is a small, round apple, finely colored with red and yellow ; the pulp is sweet, juicy, and agreeable. The wood of tlie tree is weak, but it is hardy, and bears well. — Fors. Treat. 200. 898. VANDERVERE. Synonyme. — Stalcubs. The Vandervere, when in perfection, is one of the most beautiful and finest apples. But it requires a rich, light, sandy soil, as in a damp heavy soil, it is almost always liable to be spotted, unfair, and destitute of flavor. It is a native of Wilmington, Delaware, and took its name from a family there. It is a fine old variety, and is highly worthy of extensive cultivation, Avhere the soil is favorable. Fruit, of medium size, flat. Skin, in its ground color, yellow, streaked and stained with clouded red, but on the sunny side, deepening into rich red, dotted with light grey specks. Stalk, short, inserted in a smooth, rather wide cavity. Calyx, small, closed, set in a regular, well formed, basin, of moderate depth. Flesh, yellow, crisp, and tender, with a rich and sprightly juice. ()ctober to January. — Down. Fr. Amer. 142. Such is the character of this apple in its native country ; but on this side of the Atlantic, it ranks only as a second-rate fruit. If however, it were grown in a favorable situation as indicated above, it might be brought to a greater degree of perfection. — H. THE APPLE. ITS VAETETIES. 279 899. WACKS APFEL. A medium sized cider apple, of oblong shape, pale yellow color, and in use from October till December. — H. S .C. n. S5\. This cannot be the Wacksapfel of Diel, which is Jiat. 900. WALLACE WIGHT. A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie ; but rare, the fruit is of good quality, and keeps well. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 901. WARD APPLE. This is a beautiful flat shaped apple, rather below the middle size, of a fine red towards the eye, and of a yellowish-green towards the footstalk. It is a sharp flavored fruit, and keeps till June. — Fors. Treat. 129. 902. WEISSE ANTILLISCHE WINTER REINETTE. A large, beautiful, and excellent German dessert apple. It is of a calville shape ; the skin is tender, of a fine lemon color when at maturity, and with a slight blush of red on one side ; the flesh is yellowish, fine, firm, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It ripens in December, and keeps till March. — Diel. 903. WEISSE ITALIANISCHE ROSMARINAPFEL. An Italian dessert apple, much cultivated in Southern Germany. It is pearmain shaped ; the skin is smooth, shining, and of a fine waxen yellow color, with pale red, and a few stripes on one side ; the flesh is white, tender, and juicy, and of a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It ripens in December. — Diet. 904. WEISSE WACKS REINETTE. Synontmes. — Weisse Soramer Reinette ; Eeinette d'Ete Blanche. One of the most beautiful, and really splendid September apples, very refreshing for dessert use, and as a cider fruit must be considered of the greatest value. Its form is frequently somewhat oblong, and also roundish and flattened. It is three inches and a quarter broad, and about a quarter of an inch less in height. The skin, is fine, some- what unctuous when handled, at first of a pale clear yellow, which changes by keeping to a very beautiful pure waxen, and shining lemon- yellow, faintly washed with a clear, delightful red, on the exposed side only. Eye, half open, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, very short, sometimes only a small fleshy knob, inserted in a wide, deep, and funnel-shaped cavity, lined with russet. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, marrowy, and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, very agreeable, refreshing, somewhat aromatic flavor. Ripens in September, and is in greatest perfection in October. — Did Kernobst. vii. 137. 280 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC, 905. WELLBANK'S CONSTANT BEARER. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; its shape is roundish-ovate, skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun, in use from November till January, — H. S. C. p, 44. 906. WETHERELL'S WHITE SWEETING. A medium sized sweet cider apple ; of roundish shape, yellow color ; and in use in September. — If. S. C. p. 45. 907. WHERNEL'S PIPPIN. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a pearmain shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March. — B. S. C. n. 859. 908. WHITE BOGMILN. A Scotch apple, grown in the Carse of Gowrie. It is a rare sort, large, and of fair quality. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 909. WHITE COURT-PENDU. This is a middle sized long shaped apple, of a yellowish color. It is a good eating apple, and ripens in January. — Fors. Treat. 129. 910. WHITE CROFTON. This apple which ripens about the end of August, or beginning of September, was one of a large collection brought from Ireland, by the late Sir Evan Nepean, and was worked with others in the Fulham nursery. The fruit is rather under the middle size, the color light green, flesh, melting, juice, abundant, but not very rich. It may be called a good second-rate fruit ; it is an excellent bearer, and well worth the attention of market-gardeners. Its stiff upright growth renders it eligible for the grass orchard, where it would rank as a second- rate tree. — Bog. Fr. Cult. 35. 911. WHITE EASTER. A medium sized culinary apple, of pearmain shape, pale yellow color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 860. 912. WHITE FULWOOD. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The fruit is of a most excellent quality, especially the colored variety ; keeps well ; tree middle sized, with a large leaf; sometimes the points of the branches die ; bears steadily fair crops, but not heavy loads. — 31. C.H. S. iv, 471, THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 281 913. WHITE LEAF. A large kitchen apple, round, and very mucli flattened, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun. — H. S. C. p. 45. 914. WHITE MUST. This is a middle sized handsome apple, of a greenish-yellow color, with a little red towards the sun ; the flavor is rather tart but agreeable, It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 129. 915. WHITE NONPAREIL. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape ; the skin pale green, covered with russet. In use in December. H. S. C. n. 488. 916. WHITE RUSSET. Fruit, large, about two inches and three quarters from the eye to the stalk, and three inches in its transverse diameter near the stalk ; sides angular ; color, a yellowish-green, intermixed with white, marked with light red to the sun, and russeted from it ; stalk, short ; eye, wrinkled ; richly flavored, but apt to grow mealy when too ripe. In use during October and November. — Hort. Trans, iii, 454. 917. WHITE SEAL. A large apple for culinary purposes ; of an oblong shape ; pale yellow color ; of little value and ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 45. 918. WHITE STYRE. A small cider apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish-shape ; and pale yellow color. — H. S. C. n. 801. 919. WHITE WINE. A Scotch apple ; the tree a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 920. WICKHAM'S DEUX ANS. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; the shape is roundish ; the skin greenish-yellow, on the shaded side, and red towards the sun ; it is in use from January till May. — If. S. C. p. 12. 921. WILLIAM. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality as a dessert apple, and suitable also for cider ; the shape is oblate ; skin, yellow ; in use from November till January. — H. S. C. p. 45. 282 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 922. WILLIAMS'S FAVORITE. A large and handsome dessert apple, worthy of a place in every gaf&en. It originated at Roxbury, near Boston, U. S., bears abundantly, and ripens from the last of July to the first of September. Fruit, of medium size, oblong, and a little one-sided. Stalk, an inch long, slender, slightly sunk. Calyx, closed, in a narrow angular basin. Skin, very smooth, of a light red ground, but nearly covered with a fine dark red. Flesh, yellowish-white, and of a very mild and agreeable flavor. — Down. Fr. Amer. 79. 923. WILLIAMS'S PIPPIN. This is a conical-shaped apple, with a hollow eye, and short stalk, of a pale yellow color, with a little red next the sun ; the flesh, is pale yellow, soft and tender. It bakes and roasts well, and will keep till Christmas. — Fors. Treat. 130. 924. WILTSHIRE CATSHEAD. This is a large handsome apple, red towards the sun, and green on the other side. It is a very fine baking apple, and of a good flavor. It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 130. 925. WINDHAM'S SEEDLING. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen use ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till December.—^. S. C. n. 867. 926. WINE. A medium sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use in December. — JI. S. C. n. 868. 927. WINE RUSSET. This is a middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a dark russet color, and sharp flavor, it keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 130. 628. WINTER COURT-PENDU. A Scotch apple. Fruit, of good quality, and very handsome ; tree bears well, and is of middle size. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 929. WINTER POMEROY. This is a pretty large, conical-shaped apple, of a dark green color, a little streaked with red, towards the sun. The coat is rather rough. It is a good baking apple, and keeps till January. — Fors. Treat. 130. THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 283 930. WINTER RUBY. A Scotch apple. The tree bears well, but is not common — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 931. WINTER SCARLET. A Scotch apple ; tree a good bearer ; fruit keeps well ; not common. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 932. WINTER STRAWBERRY. This variety is above the middle size, of a globular shape, plaited about the eye, which, as well as the stalk, is very little depressed ; straw color, richly striped with scarlet. It is a good winter apple, of a pleasant sub-acid flavor. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 59, pi. xxx. f. 3. 933. WINTER W^ARDEN. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for culinary purposes. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, striped with red, and russety ; in use from December till February. — //.